References April 2022 - issue 171

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI by Madi Myers, RNutr

  1. Lonnie et al (2018). Protein for Life: Review of Optimal Protein Intake, Sustainable Dietary Sources and the Effect on Appetite in Ageing Adults. Nutrients. 10(3): 360. doi:10.3390/nu10030360
  2. Symons et al (2009). Moderation the portion size of a protein meal improves anabolic efficiency in young and elderly. J Am Diet Assoc. 109: 1582-1586
  3. Ko et al (2017). Dietary protein intake and chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 20(1): 77-85. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000342
  4. Qi and Shen (2020). Associations of dietary protein intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 30(7): 1094-1105. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.03.008
  5. Baum et al (2016). Protein Consumption and the Elderly: What Is the Optimal Level of Intake? Nutrients. 8(6): 359. doi:10.3390/nu8060359
  6. Sobiecki et al (2016). High compliance with dietary recommendations in a cohort of meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Oxford study. Nutr Res. 36(5): 464-77. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.12.016

FUNCTIONAL FOODS by Hazel Windsor-Aubrey, RD

  1. Henry CJ (2010). Functional Foods. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1 (64), 657-659
  2. Bagchi D (ed) (2008). Neutraceutical and Functional Food Regulations. Elsevier: New York
  3. Health Canada (2000). Standards of evidence for evaluating foods with health claims. Fact sheet 1. November 2000
  4. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Functional Foods (2013). https://www.jandonline.org/article/S2212-2672(13)00680-1/pdf
  5. Kaushik R, Sachdeva B, Arora S, Kapila S, Wadhwa BK. Bioavailability of vitamin D2 and calcium from fortified milk. Food Chem. (2014) 147: 307-11
  6. DHSC: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nutrition-and-health-claims-guidance-to-compliance-with-regulation-ec-1924-2006-on-nutrition-and-health-claims-made-on-foods/nutrition-and-health-claims-guidance-to-compliance-with-regulation-ec-19242006#nutrition-law
  7. DHSC Nutrition and Health Claims Quick start guide to guidance on compliance with Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/216151/dh_131237.pdf
  8. Selwood, D (2020). Strong choices: Functional food category report 2020. Available: https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/category-reports/strong-choices-functional-food-category-report-2020/604914.article. Last accessed 13/02/22
  9. Rodríguez-Pérez C, Molina-Montes E, Verardo V, Artacho R, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández EJ et al. Changes in dietary behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet study. Nutrients (2020) 12: 1730
  10. Askew K (2021). What food trends will stick post-COVID? The world is going to become more demanding than it was during the pandemic. Available: https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2021/06/24/What-food-trends-will-stick-post-COVID-The-world-s-going-to-become-more-demanding-than-it-was-during-the-pandemic. Last accessed 13/02/22
  11. British Dietetic Association (2021). Food fortification. Available: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/food-fortification.html. Last accessed 13/02/22
  12. European Commission (2010). Functional Foods, 1-10

NUTRITIONAL AND LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS IN FIBROMYALGIA by Frank Brogan, RNutr, MSc

  1. Galvez-Sánchez CM, Duschek S, Reyes Del Paso GA. Psychological impact of fibromyalgia: current perspectives. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2019; 12: 117-127. Published 2019 Feb 13. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S178240
  2. Bäckryd E, Tanum L, Lind AL, Larsson A, Gordh T. Evidence of both systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia patients, as assessed by a multiplex protein panel applied to the cerebrospinal fluid and to plasma. J Pain Res. 2017; 10: 515-525. Published 2017 Mar 3. doi:10.2147/JPR.S128508)
  3. Louw A, Nijs J, Puentedura EJ. A clinical perspective on a pain neuroscience education approach to manual therapy. J Man Manip Ther. 2017; 25(3): 160-168. doi:10.1080/10669817.2017.1323699
  4. Woolf CJ. Central sensitisation: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain. 2011; 152(3 Suppl): S2-S15. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030
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  6. Cordero MD, Alcocer-Gómez E, Culic O et al. NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in fibromyalgia: the effect of coenzyme Q10. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014; 20(8): 1169-1180. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5198
  7. Cordero MD, Alcocer-Gómez E, de Miguel M et al. Can coenzyme Q10 improve clinical and molecular parameters in fibromyalgia? Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013; 19(12): 1356-1361. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5260
  8. Carville S, Constanti M, Kosky N, Stannard C and Wilkinson C (2021). Chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ, p n895
  9. Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. Fibromyalgia and nutrition: Therapeutic possibilities? Biomed Pharmacother. 2018; 103: 531-538. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.056
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  12. Pagliai G, Giangrandi I, Dinu M, Sofi F, Colombini B. Nutritional Interventions in the Management of Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Nutrients. 2020; 12(9): 2525. Published 2020 Aug 20. doi:10.3390/nu12092525
  13. Rus A, Molina F, Ramos MM, Martínez-Ramírez MJ, Del Moral ML. Extra Virgin Olive Oil Improves Oxidative Stress, Functional Capacity and Health-Related Psychological Status in Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Preliminary Study. Biol Res Nurs. 2017; 19(1): 106-115. doi:10.1177/1099800416659370
  14. Silva AR, Bernardo A, Costa J et al. Dietary interventions in fibromyalgia: a systematic review. Ann Med. 2019; 51(sup1): 2-14. doi:10.1080/07853890.2018.1564360
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  19. Joustra ML, Minovic I, Janssens KAM, Bakker SJL, Rosmalen JGM. Vitamin and mineral status in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(4): e0176631. Published 2017 Apr 28. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176631
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  22. Mehrabani S, Askari G, Miraghajani M, Tavakoly R, Arab A. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on fatigue: A systematic review of interventional studies. Complement Ther Med. 2019 Apr;43:181-187. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.01.022. Epub 2019 Jan 23. PMID: 30935528.
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KETOGENIC DIETARY THERAPY: 100 YEARS ON by Elizabeth Neal, RD, MSc, PhD

  1. Wilder RM (1921). The effects of ketonemia on the course of epilepsy. Mayo Clinic Proc 2, 307-308.
  2. Rho JM (2017) How does the ketogenic diet induce anti-seizure effects? Neurosci Lett. 637, 4-10
  3. Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhang K, Yang W, Li B (2018) The Anticonvulsant Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Epileptic Seizures and Potential Mechanisms. Curr Neuropharmacol. 16(1), 66-70. 
  4. Augustin K, Khabbush A, Williams S, et al (2018) Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders. Lancet Neurol. 17(1), 84-93. 
  5. Fan Y, Wang H, Liu X, Zhang J, Liu G (2019) Crosstalk between the Ketogenic Diet and Epilepsy: From the Perspective of Gut Microbiota. Mediators Inflamm. 2019:8373060. 
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  7. Kossoff EH., Krauss GL, McGrogan JR, Freeman JM (2003) Efficacy of the Atkins Diet as therapy for intractable epilepsy. Neurology 61, 1789-1791.
  8. Martin-McGill KJ, Lambert B, Whiteley VJ, et al (2019) Understanding the core principles of a 'modified ketogenic diet': a UK and Ireland perspective. J Hum Nutr Diet. 32(3), 385-390.
  9. Pfeifer HH, Thiele E (2005) Low glycemic index treatment: A liberalized ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy. Neurology 65, 1810-1812.
  10. Neal EG, Chaffe HM, Schwartz R, Lawson MS, et al (2008) The ketogenic diet in the treatment of epilepsy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 7, 500-506.
  11. Sharma S, Sankhyan N, Gulati S, Agarwala A (2013) Use of the modified Atkins diet for treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsia 54(3), 481-486.
  12. Sharma S, Goel S, Jain P, Agarwala A, Aneja S (2016) Evaluation of a simplified modified Atkins diet for use by parents with low levels of literacy in children with refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy Res. 127, 152-159.
  13. Lambrechts DA, de Kinderen RJ, Vles JS, de Louw AJ, Aldenkamp AP, Majoie HJ (2017) A randomized controlled trial of the ketogenic diet in refractory childhood epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 135(2), 231-239.
  14. Martin-McGill KJ, Bresnahan R, Levy RG, Cooper PN (2020) Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 6(6), CD001903. 
  15. van Berkel AA, IJff DM, Verkuyl JM (2018) Cognitive benefits of the ketogenic diet in patients with epilepsy: A systematic overview. Epilepsy Behav. 87, 69-77. 
  16. Roehl K, Falco-Walter J, Ouyang B, Balabanov A (2019) Modified ketogenic diets in adults with refractory epilepsy: Efficacious improvements in seizure frequency, seizure severity, and quality of life. Epilepsy Behav. 93, 113-118.
  17. Dressler A, Trimmel-Schwahofer P (2020) The ketogenic diet for infants: How long can you go? Epilepsy Res. 164, 106339. 
  18. Van der Louw E, van den Hurk D, Neal E, et al (2016) Ketogenic diet guidelines for infants with refractory epilepsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 20 (6), 798-809.
  19. Liu H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Tang H, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Zhao Y (2018) Ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy in adults: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Epilepsia Open 3(1), 9-17. 
  20. Cervenka MC, Wood S, Bagary M, et al (2021) International Recommendations for the Management of Adults Treated with Ketogenic Diet Therapies. Neurol Clin Pract. 11(5), 385-397.
  21. Weber DD, Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Tulipan J, et al (2020) Ketogenic diet in the treatment of cancer - Where do we stand? Mol Metab. 33, 102-121. 
  22. Rusek M, Pluta R, Ułamek-Kozioł M, Czuczwar SJ (2019) Ketogenic Diet in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 20(16), 3892. 
  23. Kumar S, Behl T, Sachdeva M, et al (2021) Implicating the effect of ketogenic diet as a preventive measure to obesity and diabetes mellitus. Life Sci. 264, 118661. 
  24. Zhang W, Guo X, Chen L, et al (2021) Ketogenic Diets and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 12, 753039. 
  25. Cai QY, Zhou ZJ, Luo R, et al (2017) Safety and tolerability of the ketogenic diet used for the treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy: a systematic review of published prospective studies. World J Pediatr. 13(6), 528-536.


NHD IN PRACTICE FACT FILE: DYSPHAGIA

  1. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (2010). https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/dysphagia. Accessed online March 2021
  2. Goyal R, Mashimo H. Physiology of oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal motility. In GI Motility online (2006). https://www.nature.com/gimo/contents/pt1/full/gimo1.html Accessed online March 2021
  3. Krebbers I, Simon SR, Pilz W, Kremer B, Winkens B, Baijens LWJ. Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Dysphagia and Affective Symptoms. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica. 2020 Jul 3; 1-8
  4. Vose AK, Kesneck S, Sunday K, Plowman E, Humbert I (2018). A Survey of Clinician Decision Making When Identifying Swallowing Impairments and Determining Treatment. J Speech Lang Hear Res 61, 2735-2756. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0212
  5. Langmore SE, Pisegna JM (2015). Efficacy of exercises to rehabilitate dysphagia: A critique of the literature. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 17, 222-229. https://doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2015.1024171
  6. Bateman C, Leslie P, Drinnan MJ (2007). Adult Dysphagia Assessment in the UK and Ireland: Are SLTs Assessing the Same Factors? Dysphagia 22, 174-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-006-9070-3
  7. Matsuo K, Palmer JB. Anatomy and physiology of feeding and swallowing: normal and abnormal. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2008; 19(4): 691-vii. doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2008.06.001
  8. Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (RCSLT) Clinical guidance: Dysphagia [Internet]. Available from: https://www.rcslt.org/members/clinical-guidance/dysphagia/dysphagia-guidance#section-17
  9. Dysphagia and eating, drinking and swallowing needs overview. 2022 [online]. Available at: https://www.rcslt.org/speech-and-language-therapy/clinical-information/dysphagia/#:~:text=Recent%20research%20has%20found%20the,children%20with%20general%20neurodevelopmental%20disabilities [Accessed 24 Feb 2022]
  10. Dysphagia in people with learning difficulties: reasonable adjustments guidance. 2016. 8 May [online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dysphagia-and-people-with-learning-disabilities/dysphagia-in-people-with-learning-difficulties-reasonable-adjustments-guidance [Accessed 24 Feb 2022]
  11. Gale Encyclopaedia of Medicine. “choking”. 2008 [online]. Available at: https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/choking [Accessed 24 Feb 2022]
  12. Malnutrition Pathway: Managing Adult Malnutrition in the Community. Dysphagia: A Healthcare Professional Fact Sheet. [online] Available at: www.malnutritionpathway.co.uk/dysphagia.pdf
  13. Pikus L, Levine MS, Yang YX, Rubesin SE, Katzka DA, Laufer I, Gefter WB. Videofluoroscopic Studies of Swallowing Dysfunction and the Relative Risk of Pneumonia. 2003 Jun; 180(6): 1613-1616. doi: 10.2214/AJR.180.6.1801613
  14. Greener M. Dysphagia. GM. 2009 Aug; 458-464. [online] Available at: https://www.gmjournal.co.uk/media/21598/aug2009p458.pdf [Accessed 24 Feb 2022]
  15. Tagliaferri S, Laurentani F, Pelá G, Meschi T and Maggio M. The risk of dysphagia is associated with malnutrition and poor functional outcomes in a large population of outpatient older individuals. Clinical Nutrition. 2019. 38 (6); 2684-2689
  16. Your Guide to Safe Swallowing and Easy Eating. [online] Available from: https://www.nutricia.co.uk/content/dam/dam/amn/local/gb/approved/nutricia/guide-to-safe-swallowing-and-easy-eating.pdf [Accessed 24 Feb 2022]
  17. Lieber AC, Hong E, Putrino D, Nistal DA, Pan JS, Kellner CP. Nutrition, Energy Expenditure, Dysphagia, and Self-Efficacy in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of the Literature. Brain Sci. 2018 Dec 7; 8(12): 218. doi:10.3390/brainsci8120218
  18. Karagiannis M, Karagiannis TC. Oropharyngeal dysphagia, free water protocol and quality of life: an update from a prospective clinical trial. Hell J Nucl Med. 2014 Jan-Apr;17 Suppl 1:26-9. [online] Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24392465/
  19. Pooyania, S, Vandurme, L, Daun R, Buchel C. Effects of a Free Water Protocol on Inpatients in a Neuro-Rehabilitation Setting. Open J Ther Rehabil. 2015; 3(4)132-138. doi: 10.4236/ojtr.2015.34018
  20. Ekberg O, Hamdy S, Woisard V, Wuttge-Hannig A, Ortega P. Social and psychological burden of dysphagia: its impact on diagnosis and treatment. Dysphagia. 2002 Spring;17(2): 139-46. doi: 10.1007/s00455-001-0113-5
  21. O’Keeffe ST. Use of modified diets to prevent aspiration in oropharyngeal dysphagia: is current practice justified? BMC Geriatrics [Internet]. 2018; 18(1): 167. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0839-7
  22. Farrer O, Olsen C, Mousley K, Teo E. Does presentation of smooth pureed meals improve patients’ consumption in an acute care setting: A pilot study. Nutr Diet. 2015 Jun 24; 73(5): 405-409. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12198
  23. Nicoll Kenny and Shajila A. Singh. Decision Making for Enteral Nutrition in Adult Patients with Dysphagia – A Guide for Health Care Professionals, Seminars in Dysphagia, Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/seminars-in-dysphagia/decision-making-for-enteral-nutrition-in-adult-patients-with-dysphagia-a-guide-for-health-care-profe/ Accessed online March 2021


CONDITIONS AND NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION IN THE ELDERLY by Sophie Martin RD

  1. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) (2010). 199, Management of patients with stroke; identification and management of dysphagia. A national clinical guideline [online]. Available from: https://www.sign.ac.uk/media/1057/sign119.pdf
  2. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS-IP) (2012). Glycaemic management during inpatient enteral feeding of stroke patients with diabetes [online]. Available from: http://www.diabetologists-abcd.org.uk/JBDS/JBDS_IP_Enteral_Feeding_Stroke.pdf
  3. British Nutrition Foundation (2022). Heart disease and stroke [online]. British Nutrition Foundation. [Viewed 12 February 2022]. Available from: https://www.nutrition.org.uk/health-conditions/heart-disease-and-stroke/
  4. British Lung Foundation (2022). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) statistics [online]. British Lung Foundation. [Viewed 12 February 2022]. Available from: https://statistics.blf.org.uk/copd
  5. PCRS, BAPEN, ARNS, British Lung Foundation, ACPRC, National Nurses Nutrition Group, Education for Health, Royal College of General Practitioners, The British Dietetic Association and Royal College of Nursing (2020). Managing Malnutrition in COPD. Including a pathway for the appropriate use of ONS to support community healthcare professionals. Managing Malnutrition in COPD [online]. 2(January), p 03-10. [viewed 12 February 2022]. Available from: https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/copd-guidance/copd-managing-malnutrition-brochure.pdf
  6. NHS (2019). Overview. Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia [online]. NHS. [Viewed 10 February 2022]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/
  7. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022). Osteoporosis [online]. NICE. [viewed 08 February 2022]. Available from: https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summary/osteoporosis.html
  8. Kidney Care UK (2022). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) [online]. Kidney Care UK. [viewed 11 February 2022]. Available from: https://www.kidneycareuk.org/about-kidney-health/conditions/ckd/
  9. NHS (2019). Acute kidney injury [online]. NHS. [viewed 12 February 2022]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acute-kidney-injury/
  10. Fiaccadori E, Sabatino A, Barazzoni R, Carrero JJ, CupistiA, Waele ED, Jonckheer J, Singer P and Cuerda C (2021). ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in hopsitalised patients with acute or chronic kidney disease. Clinical Nutrition [online]. 40(2021), p 1644-1668. [Viewed 12 February 2022]. Available from: https://www.espen.org/files/ESPEN-Guidelines/ESPEN-guideline-on-clinical-nutrition-in-hospitalized-patients-with-acute-or-chronic-kidney-disease.pdf
  11. Dumic I, Nordin T, Jecmenica M, Lalosevic SM, Milosavljevic T and Milovanovic T (2019). Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders in Older Age. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology [online]. [Viewed 12 February 2022]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6354172/
  12. GUTSUK (2022). Constipation [online]. [Viewed 12 February 2022]. Available from: https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/symptoms/constipation/


BILE ACID MALABSORPTION: AN OVERVIEW by Joe Alvarez, RD

  1. Bajor A (2008). Bile Acid Induced Diarrhoea Pathophysiological and Clinical Aspects. Inst of Medicine. Dept of Internal Medicine
  2. Hughes LE, Ford C, Brookes MJ, Gama R. Bile acid diarrhoea: Current and potential methods of diagnosis. Ann Clin Biochem. 2021; 58(1): 22-28. doi:10.1177/0004563220966139
  3. Barkun AN, Love J, Gould M, Pluta H, Steinhart H. Bile acid malabsorption in chronic diarrhea: pathophysiology and treatment. Can J Gastroenterol. 2013; 27(11): 653-659. doi:10.1155/2013/485631
  4. Walters JR, Pattni SS. Managing bile acid diarrhoea. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2010; 3(6): 349-357. doi:10.1177/1756283X10377126
  5. National Institute for Health and Care Excellency (2021). SeHCAT tauroselcholic [75 selenium] acid) for diagnosing bile acid diarrhoea Diagnostics guidance [DG44]
  6. Wedlake L, A'Hern R, Russell D, Thomas K, Walters JR, Andreyev HJ. Systematic review: the prevalence of idiopathic bile acid malabsorption as diagnosed by SeHCAT scanning in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2009); 30(7): 707-717. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04081.x
  7. Slattery SA, Niaz O, Aziz Q, Ford AC, Farmer AD. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the prevalence of bile acid malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 42(1): 3-11. doi:10.1111/apt.13227
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  9. Vijayvargiya P, Camilleri M, Chedid V et al. Analysis of Fecal Primary Bile Acids Detects Increased Stool Weight and Colonic Transit in Patients with Chronic Functional Diarrhea. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 17(5): 922-929.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.05.050
  10. Arasaradnam RP, Brown S, Forbes A et al. Guidelines for the investigation of chronic diarrhoea in adults: British Society of Gastroenterology, 3rd edition Gut. 2018; 67: 1380-1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315909
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  12. Khalid U, Lalji A, Stafferton R, Andreyev J. Bile acid malabsoption: a forgotten diagnosis? Clin Med (Lond). 2010; 10(2): 124-126. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.10-2-124
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  15. Camilleri M. Advances in understanding of bile acid diarrhea. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014; 8(1): 49-61. doi:10.1586/17474124.2014.851599
  16. Valencia-Rodríguez A, Aquino-Matus J, Vera-Barajas A, Qi X, Méndez-Sánchez N. New therapeutic options for bile acid malabsorption diarrhea. Ann Transl Med. 2019; 7(22): 695. doi:10.21037/atm.2019.09.112
  17. Jackson A, Lalji A, Kabir M et al. The efficacy of a low-fat diet to manage the symptoms of bile acid malabsorption – outcomes in patients previously treated for cancer. Clin Med (Lond). 2017; 17(5): 412-418. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.17-5-412
  18. Watson L, Lalji A, Bodla S, Muls A, Andreyev HJ, Shaw C. Management of bile acid malabsorption using low-fat dietary interventions: a useful strategy applicable to some patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Med (Lond). 2015; 15(6): 536-540. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.15-6-536
  19. Thompson WG, Thompson GR. Effect of cholestyramine on the absorption of vitamin D3 and calcium. Gut. 1969; 10(9): 717-722. doi:10.1136/gut.10.9.717
  20. Gee C, Fleuret C, Wilson A et al. Bile Acid Malabsorption as a Consequence of Cancer Treatment: Prevalence and Management in the National Leading Centre. Cancers (Basel). 2021; 13(24): 6213. Published 2021 Dec 10. doi:10.3390/cancers13246213

INFANT WEANING by Aqsa Mahmood, ANutr

  1. Start4Life (nd). Weaning [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/start4life/weaning/
  2. National Childbirth Trust (2019). Baby-led weaning: 10 tips to get you started [online]. Available at: https://www.nct.org.uk/baby-toddler/feeding/introducing-solids/baby-led-weaning-10-tips-get-you-started
  3. BDA (nd). Complementary feeding (weaning) [online]. www.bda.uk.com. Available at: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/complementary-feeding-weaning.html


IMD WATCH: UREA CYCLE DISORDERS by Sarah Bailey, RD

  1. Summar ML and Mew NA (2018). Inborn errors of metabolism with hyperammonemia: Urea cycle defects and related disorders. Paediatric Clinical Nutrition 65, p 231-246
  2. Zschocke J and Hoffmann GF (2020). Vademecum Metabolicum, 5th Thieme, Germany
  3. Dixon M (2020). Organic Acidaemias and Urea Cycle Disorders. In: Shaw V; eds. Clinical Paediatric Dietetics 5th Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p 560-593
  4. Braissant O (2010). Current concepts in the pathogenesis of urea cycle disorders. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 100; S3-S4
  5. Feillet F and Leonard JV (1998). Alternative pathway therapy for urea cycle disorders. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 21(1), p 101-111
  6. Haberle J et al (2012). Suggested guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urea cycle disorders. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 7 (32), p 1-30
  7. Haberle J et al (2019). Suggested guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urea cycle disorders: First revision. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 42, p 1192-1230
  8. Adam S et al (2012). Dietary management of urea cycle disorders: UK practice. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics p 398-404
  9. WHO/FAO/UNU (2007). Expert consultation, protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. WHO technical report series 935, UNU/WHO: Geneva, Switzerland
  10. Burrage LC et al (2014). Sodium phenylbutyrate decreases plasma branched-chain amino acids in patients with urea cycle disorders. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 113 (1-2), p 131-135
  11. Molema F et al (2019). Evaluation of dietary treatment and amino acid supplementation in organic acidurias and urea cycle disorders: On the basis of information from a European multicentre registry. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 42, p 1162-1175
  12. Adam S et al (2013). Dietary management of urea cycle disorders: European practice. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 110, p 439-445
  13. British Dietetic Association (2020). Model and Process of Dietetic Practice. Available at: https://www.bda.uk.com/uploads/assets/1aa9b067-a1c1-4eec-a1318fdc258e0ebb/2020-Model-and-Process-for-Nutrition-and-Dietetic-Practice.pdf. [Accessed: 20th February 2021]
  14. British Inherited Metabolic Disease Group (BIMDG) (2018). Adult emergency management Urea Cycle Disorders (UCDs). Available at: https://bimdg.org.uk/guidelines/guidelines-adult.asp?s=az&i=u. [Accessed: 2nd December 2021]


ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL FEEDING: BENEFITS AND RISKS by Katy Stuart, RD

  1. BAPEN (2020). https://www.bapen.org.uk/nutrition-support/assessment-and-planning/enteral-and-parenteral-nutrition
  2. Cancer Research UK (2021). https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/diet-problems/managing/drip-or-tube-feeding/types
  3. Seres D, Valcarel M, Guillaume A (2012). Advantages of enteral nutrition over parenteral nutrition, Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 6(2): 157-167. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1756283X12467564
  4. Kudsk K (2007). Beneficial Effect of Enteral Feeding. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 17(4): 647-662. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2007.07.003
  5. Durai R, Venkatraman R Ngm C (2009). Nasogastric tubes 2: risks and guidance on avoiding and dealing with complications. Nursing Times. 105: 17
  6. Stahl M, Belkind-Gerson J (2021). Development of the gastrointestinal tract. Paediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease 6th https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/gut-associated-lymphoid-tissue
  7. Deranged Physiology (2016). https://derangedphysiology.com/main/required-reading/endocrinology-metabolism-and-nutrition/Chapter%205.1.1.1/enteral-nutrition-vs-parenteral-nutrition-critically-ill
  8. National Patient Safety Agency (2011). file:///C:/Users/kstuart/Downloads/Nasogastric%20alert_final_2011%2003%2009%20(3).pdf
  9. Alivizatos V, Gavala V, Alexopoulos P, Apostolopoulos A and Bajrucevic S (2012). Feeding Tube-related Complications and Problems in Patients Receiving Long-term Home Enteral Nutrition. Indian J Palliat Care. Jan-Apr; 18(1): 31-33. doi: 10.4103/0973-1075.97346
  10. Blumenstein I, Yogesh S, Stein J (2014). Gastroenteric tube feeding: techniques, problems and solutions. World J Gastroenterol. Jul 14; 20(26): 8505-8524 doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8505
  11. Wanden-Berghe C, Patino-Alonso M, Purificacion G, Sanz-Valero J (2019). Complications Associated with Enteral Nutrition: CAFANE Study. Nutrients. 11(9): 2041.doi: 10.3390/nu11092041
  12. Jeejeebhoy K (2007). Enteral nutrition versus parenteral nutrition: the risks and benefits. Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Vol 4: 260-265
  13. Nashiz I and Neild P (2015). Parenteral nutrition March 2015. The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 45(1): 45-8DOI: 10.4997/JRCPE.2015.111 Parenteral nutrition. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275046485_Parenteral_nutrition [accessed Oct 31 2021]
  14. Cadena A, Habib S, Rincon F, Dobak S (2019). The Benefits of Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Versus Enteral Nutrition (EN) Among Adult Critically Ill Patients: What is the Evidence? A Literature Review. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35(2). DOI: 10.1177/0885066619843782
  15. Hellerman M, Singer P (2020). Advances in Medical Nutrition Therapy: Parenteral Nutrition. Nutrients 2020, 12(3), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/
  16. Bragaa M, Ljungqvist O, Soetersck K, Fearon A, Weimanne F, Bozetti F (2009). ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Surgery. Clinical Nutrition, Vol 28, (4): 378-386
  17. Bozzettia J, Arendbs K, Lundholm A, Micklewright G, Zurchere M, Muscaritoli F (2021). ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Non-surgical oncology. Clinical Nutrition, Vol 28: 4: 445-454
  18. Quiroz-Olguín G, Gutiérrez-Salmeán JG, Posadas-Calleja MF, Padilla-Rubio G, Serralde-Zúñiga A (2021). The effect of enteral stimulation on the immune response of the intestinal mucosa and its application in nutritional support. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 75: 1533-1539
  19. Heidegger C, Darmon P, Pichard C (2008). Enteral vs. parenteral nutrition for the critically ill patient: a combined support should be preferred. Current Opinion in Critical Care, Vol 14(4): 408-414. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e3283052cdd

DIETITIANS IN PRIMARY CARE NETWORKS by Rebecca Gasche, RD

  1. National Health Service (2019). NHS Long Term Plan. Retrieved from https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/nhs-long-term-plan-version-1.2.pdf
  2. National Health Service (2019). Blog: Long term action for Allied Health Professions. Retrieved from https://www.england.nhs.uk/blog/long-term-action-for-allied-health-professions/
  3. National Health Service: Health Education England (2021). First Contact Practitioners and Advanced Practitioners in Primary Care: (Dietitian) A Roadmap to Practice. Retrieved from: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/Dietetic-Nov21%20FILLABLE_1.pdf
  4. Seamark L, Barclay Y, Marchant C, Williams M and Hickson M (2021). Long‐term symptom severity in people with irritable bowel syndrome following dietetic treatment in primary care: A service evaluation. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 34(5), 890-900. 10.1111/jhn.12860
  5. British Dietetic Association (no date). Retrieved from https://www.bda.uk.com/practice-and-education/nutrition-and-dietetic-practice/dietetic-workforce/primary-care.html
  6. Health Education England (no date). Retrieved from https://www.hee.nhs.uk/our-work/primary-care/dietitians-primary-care
  7. National Health Service (no date). Retrieved from https://www.england.nhs.uk/gp/expanding-our-workforce/#dieticians