References February 25 - issue 196

UP FRONT from the Editor

  1. https://www.unesco.org/en/days/women-girls-science

  2. STEM Women. Women in STEM statistics. https://www.stemwomen.com/women-in-stem-percentages-of-women-in-stem-statistics

  3. HCPC. Diversity data: dietitians - March 2023. https://www.hcpc-uk.org/resources/data/2023/diversity-data-dietitians-2023/

  4. The Menopause Charity. What is menopause. https://www.themenopausecharity.org/2021/10/19/what-is-menopause/

  5. NICE CKS health topics. Menopause Last revised in November 2024. https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/menopause/

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI - SOCIAL MEDIA DIET TRENDS FOR WEIGHT LOSS

  1. Guo et al (2021). The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021:2074610. doi: 10.1155/2021/2074610

  2. Asbaghi et al (2020). The effect of berberine supplementation on obesity parameters, inflammation and liver function enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 38:43-49. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.04.010

  3. Hu et al (2012). Lipid-lowering effect of berberine in human subjects and rats. Phytomedicine. 19(10):861-7. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.009

  4. Khezri et al (2018). Beneficial effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on weight management, Visceral Adiposity Index and lipid profile in overweight or obese subjects receiving restricted calorie diet: A randomised clinical trial. J Func Foods. 43:96-102.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.003

  5. Abou-Khalil et al (2024). Apple cider vinegar for weight management in Lebanese adolescents and young adults with overweight and obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 7(1):61-67. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000823

  6. Launholt et al (2020). Safety and side effects of apple vinegar intake and its effect on metabolic parameters and body weight: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr. 59(6):2273-2289. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02214-3

  7. Hadi et al (2021). The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMC Complement Med Ther. 21(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s12906-021-03351-w

  8. Cormick et al (2024). Calcium supplementation for people with overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 5(5):CD012268. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012268.pub2

  9. Alwosais et al (2021). Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation to the diet of adults with type 2 diabetes improved systolic blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Health. 27(2):181-189. doi: 10.1177/0260106020981819

  10. Vuksan et al (2017). Salba-chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in the treatment of overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 27(2):138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.11.124

  11. Tavares Toscano et al (2014). Chia induces clinically discrete weight loss and improves lipid profile only in altered previous values. Nutr Hosp. 31(3):1176-82. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.3.8242

WHAT WILL WE BE EATING IN 2025? TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS by Laura Karr-Todd, RD

  1. 2025 Global Food and Drink Trends | Mintel

  2. Our Meals - Go Pig

  3. No- and low-alcohol drinks outperform a declining UK alcohol market - IWSR

  4. Lunnay B, Nicholls E, Pennay A, MacLean S, Wilson C, Meyer SB, Foley K, Warin M, Olver I, Ward PR. Sober Curiosity: A Qualitative Study Exploring Women's Preparedness to Reduce Alcohol by Social Class. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 10;19(22):14788. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192214788. PMID: 36429505; PMCID: PMC9690974.

  5. Explore Sober Curious and Mindful Drinking | Drinkaware

  6. Plant-Based Eating Habits & Lifestyles

  7. Cost of food still rising slightly – How are meat, dairy and substitute products performing? | AHDB

  8. Merchant Gourmet responds to market demand for prepared beans - Food and Drink Technology

  9. Top Food Trends For 2025 – Sous Chef UK

  10. Food and Drink Trends 2025 | Bidfood

  11. 10 Biggest Food Trends of 2025, According to Whole Foods | The Kitchn

  12. Whole Foods Market Forecasts the Top 10 Food and Beverage Trends for 2025      

  13. Top Ten Food and Beverage Trends 2025. Our top trend for 2025 

  14. Global Snack Market Trends. Consumers are seeking healthier  

  15. "Top 5 Snack Trends to Watch in 2024-2025" - Euromonitor.com

  16. Projecting the Top 10 Weight Loss Diet Plans for 2025 | Futurism

COVER STORY: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK POSTMENOPAUSE by Antoinette Burroughs, RD, MSc

  1. Burroughs A (2024). Examining women’s awareness of post-menopausal health and diet: a focus on bone and muscle health. Network Health Digest, October 2024 issue 193, pp 15-17. <https://library.myebook.com/NHD/nhd-nov-193-global/5668/> [accessed 8th November 2024]

  2. Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall JE, Lobo R, Maki P, Rebar RW, Sherman S, Sluss PM and de Villiers TJ (2012). STRAW 10 Collaborative Group. Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. Menopause, 19(4), pp 387-95

  3. Sarri G, Davies M and Lumsden MA (2015). Diagnosis and management of menopause: summary of NICE guidance. British Medical Journal [Online], 351. Available from: <https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h5746> [Accessed 4th August 2024]

  4. Kravitz HM and Joffe H (2011). Sleep during the perimenopause: a SWAN story. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, 38(3), pp. 567-586

  5. Kistner RW (1968). The use of oestrogens and progestins during the perimenopause. South African Medical Journal, 6(1), pp 1-7

  6. Owen RL and Arvanitidou EI (2021). Women’s perceptions and experiences of nutritional and support during their climacteric. Proceedings of the Nutritional Society [Online], 80 (OCE5). Available from: <doi:10.1017/S0029665121003451> [Accessed 21st November 2024].

  7. Herbert D, Bell RJ, Young K, Brown H, Coles JY and Davis SR (2020). Australian women’s understanding of menopause and its consequences: a qualitative study. Climacteric, 23(6), pp 622-628

  8. Khokhar S (2013). Knowledge, attitude and experience of menopause. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 52(2), p 42-46

  9. Anagnostis P, Stevenson JC, Crook D, Johnston DG and Godsland IF (2015). Effects of menopause, gender and age on lipids and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions. Maturitas, 81(1), pp 62-68

  10. Wyness L (2021). Menopause, heart health and cholesterol [Online] Available from: <https://mynutriweb.com/menopause-heart-health-and-cholesterol/> [Accessed 24th November 2024]

  11. Department of Health and Social Care (2021) Results of the Women’s Health – Let’s talk about it survey. [Online] Available from: < https://www.gov.uk/government/calls-for-evidence/womens-health-strategy-call-for-evidence/outcome/3fa4a313-f7a5-429a-b68d-0eb0be15e696> [Accessed 30th November 2024]

  12. Welten SJGC, Onland-Moret NC, Boer JMA, Verschuren WMM and van der Schouw YT (2021). Age at menopause and risk of ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Stroke [Online], 52(8), pp 2583-2591

  13. Zhu, D., Chung, H. F., Dobson, A. J., Pandeya, N., Giles, G. G., Bruinsma, F., Brunner, E. J., Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Avis, N. E. and Gold, E. B., (2019) Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. The Lancet Public Health, 4(11), pp. e553-e564.

  14. Lisabeth, L.D., Beiser, A.S., Brown, D.L., Murabito, J.M., Kelly-Hayes, M. and Wolf, P.A., (2009) Age at natural menopause and risk of ischemic stroke: the Framingham heart study. Stroke, 40(4), pp. 1044-1049.

  15. McCarthy, M. and Raval, A.P. (2020) The peri-menopause in a woman’s life: a systemic inflammatory phase that enables later neurodegenerative disease. Journal of Neuroinflammation [Online], 17,317. Available from: <https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01998-9> [Accessed 29th November 2024].

  16. Moreau, K. R., Hildreth, K. L., Meditz, A. L., Deane, K. D. and Kohrt, W. M. (2012) Endothelial function is impaired across the stages of the menopause transition in healthy women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97(12), pp. 4692-4700.

  17. NHS (2020a) Cardiovascular disease [Online] <https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cardiovascular-disease/> [Accessed 24th November 2024].

  18. Gershuni, V.M. (2018) Saturated fat: part of a healthy diet. Current Nutrition Reports, 7, pp. 85-96.

  19. Soliman, G.A., (2019) Dietary fiber, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients, 11(5), p.1155.

  20. George, S.M., Ballard-Barbash, R., Manson, J.E., Reedy, J., Shikany, J.M., Subar, A.F., Tinker, L.F., Vitolins, M. and Neuhouser, M.L. (2014) Comparing indices of diet quality with chronic disease mortality risk in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study: evidence to inform national dietary guidance. American Journal of Epidemiology, 180(6), pp. 616-625.

  21. NHS (2019) What is an NHS health check? [Online] <https://https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nhs-health-check/> [Accessed 30th November 2024].

  22. Forster, A.S., Dodhia, H., Booth, H., Dregan, A., Fuller, F., Miller, J., Burgess, C., McDermott, L. and Gulliford, M.C. (2015) Estimating the yield of NHS Health Checks in England: a population-based cohort study. Journal of Public Health, 37(2), pp. 234-240.

  23. Bunten, A., Porter, L., Gold, N. and Bogle, V. (2020) A systematic review of factors influencing NHS health check uptake: invitation methods, patient characteristics, and the impact of interventions. BMC Public Health, 20, pp. 1-16.

  24. Duddy, C., Gadsby, E., Hibberd, V., Krska, J. and Wong, G. (2022) Understanding what happens to attendees after an NHS Health Check: a realist review [Online] BMJ Open, 12(11), n.p. Available from: <https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/11/e064237.abstract> [Accessed 14th November 2024].

  25. Sanderson S. C., Waller, J., Martin M. J. and Humphries, J.W. (2009) Awareness of lifestyle risk factors for cancer and heart disease among adults in the UK. Patient Education and Counselling, 74(2) pp. 221-227.

  26. Stroke Association (2017) Women and stroke [Online] <https://www.stroke.org.uk/stroke/managing-risk/women-and-stroke#Menopause%20and%20stroke> [Accessed 29th November 2024].

  27. Public Health England (2016) Eatwell guide [Online] <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/528193/Eatwell_guide_colour.pdf> [Accessed 20th November 2024].

  28. Mullin, W. J. and Smith, J. M. (1991) Dietary fiber in raw and cooked potatoes. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 4(2), pp. 100-106.

  29. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (2015) SACN carbohydrate and health report [Online] <https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sacn-carbohydrates-and health-report> [Accessed 20th November 2024].

  30. Evans, C.E.L. (2020) Dietary fibre and cardiovascular health: a review of current evidence and policy. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 79(1), pp. 61-67.

  31. Gibson, S. and Kurilich, A.C. (2013) The nutritional value of potatoes and potato products in the UK diet. Nutrition Bulletin, 38(4), pp. 389-399.

  32. Lovejoy, J.C., Champagne, C.M., De Jonge, L., Xie, H. and Smith, S.R. (2008) Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition. International Journal of Obesity, 32(6), pp. 949-958.

  33. Health Secretary announces new women's health priorities for 2024. www.gov.uk/government/news/health-secretary-announces-new-womens-health-priorities-for-2024

THE ROLE OF THE DIETITIAN IN PAEDIATRIC LIVER DISEASE by Joanne Scott, RD

  1. Cameron R and Kogan-Liberman D (2014). Nutritional considerations in pediatric liver disease, Paediatrics in Review, 35(11), pp 493-496. doi:10.1542/pir.35-11-493

  2. About children’s liver disease (2024). Children’s Liver Disease Foundation. Available at: https://childliverdisease.org/about-us/ (Accessed: 11 August 2024)

  3. Mancell S et al (2023). Medium-chain triglycerides and the impact on fat absorption, growth, nutritional status and clinical outcomes in children with cholestatic liver disease: A scoping review. Clinical Nutrition, 42(11), pp 2159-2172. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.010

  4. Marten B, Pfeuffer M and Schrezenmeir J (2006). Medium-chain triglycerides. International Dairy Journal, 16(11), pp 1374-1382. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.06.015

  5. Mouzaki M et al (2019). Nutrition support of children with chronic liver diseases. Journal of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 69(4), pp. 498–511. doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000002443

  6. Shah R (2023). Cholestatic jaundice, StatPearls [Internet]. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482279/ (Accessed: 11 August 2024)

  7. Feldman AG and Sokol RJ (2021). Neonatal cholestasis: Updates on Diagnostics, therapeutics, and prevention. NeoReviews, 22(12). doi:10.1542/neo.22-12-e819

NUTRITIONAL RISKS IN PAEDIATRICS – CASE STUDIES by Hazel Duncan, RD

  1. Gonzalez-Viana E, Dworzynski K, Murphy MS, Peek R. Faltering growth in children: summary of NICE guidance BMJ 2017; 358: j4219 doi:10.1136/bmj.j4219

  2. British Dietetic Association Practice Toolkit: The use of blended diet with enteral feeding tubes (2021). Available: www.bda.uk.com/static/33331d33-21d4-47a5-bbb79142980766a7/FINAL-Practice-Toolkit-The-Use-of-Blended-Diet-with-Enteral-Feeding-Tubes-NOV-2021.pdf

  3. Köglmeier J, Assecaira I, Banci E, De Koning B, Haiden N, Indrio F, Kastelijn W, Kennedy D, Luque V, Norsa L, Verduci E, Sugar A. The Use of Blended Diets in Children with Enteral Feeding Tubes: A Joint Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023 Jan 1;76(1):109-117. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003601. Epub 2022 Sep 2. PMID: 36053165

  4. Breaks A, Bloch S, Smith C. Determinants in parents' decision to use blended diets with gastrostomy-fed children and young people: A mixed methods study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022 Oct;51:288-294. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.013. Epub 2022 Aug 18. PMID: 36184218

    5. 

  5. Fox A, Brown T, Walsh J, Venter C, Meyer R, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Levin M, Spawls H, Beatson J, Lovis MT, Vieira MC, Fleischer D. An update to the Milk Allergy in Primary Care guideline. Clin Transl Allergy. 2019 Aug 12;9:40. doi: 10.1186/s13601-019-0281-8. PMID: 31413823; PMCID: PMC6689885

    6. 

  6. Venter C, Brown T, Shah N, Walsh J, Fox AT. Diagnosis and management of non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy in infancy – a UK primary care practical guide. Clin Transl Allergy. 2013;3(1):23. doi: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-23

PLANT-BASED MEALS: ADVANCING HEALTHCARE WITH SUSTAINABLE NUTRITION by Dr Shireen Kassam

  1. Plants First Healthcare [Internet]. Available from: https://plantsfirsthealthcare.com

  2. UK Health Alliance on Climate Change. Plant-powered Planet: Building a healthy & sustainable food system [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://ukhealthalliance.org/influencing-policy/plant-powered-planet-building-a-healthy-sustainable-food-system/

  3. World Resources Institute. The Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices [Internet]. 2024. Available from: www.wri.org/research/food-service-playbook-promoting-sustainable-food-choices

  4. Afshin A, Sur PJ, Fay KA, Cornaby L, Ferrara G, Salama JS, et al. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet [Internet]. 2019 May 11;393(10184):1958-72. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8

  5. Romanello M, Walawender M, Hsu S-C, Moskeland A, Palmeiro-Silva Y, Scamman D, et al. The 2024 report of the Lancet countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action. Lancet [Internet]. 2024 Nov 9;404(10465):1847-96. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01822-1

  6. van Daalen KR, Tonne C, Semenza JC, Rocklöv J, Markandya A, Dasandi N et al. The 2024 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action. Lancet Public Heal [Internet]. 2024 Jul 1;9(7):e495-522. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00055-0

  7. Jackson T. The False Economy of Big Food [Internet] (2024). Available from: https://ffcc.co.uk/publications/the-false-economy-of-big-food

  8. Thompson AS, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Karavasiloglou N, Jennings A, Cantwell M, Hill C et al. Association of Healthful Plant-based Diet Adherence with Risk of Mortality and Major Chronic Diseases Among Adults in the UK. JAMA Netw Open [internet]. 2023 Mar 28;6(3):e234714. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2802814

  9. Clark MA, Domingo NGG, Colgan K, Thakrar SK, Tilman D, Lynch J, et al. Global food system emissions could preclude achieving the 1.5° and 2°C climate change targets. Science (80- ) [internet]. 2020 Nov 6;370(6517):705-8. Available from: www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aba7357

  10. Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, Springmann M, Lang T, Vermeulen S, et al. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet. 2019;6736:3-49

  11. Takacs B, Stegemann JA, Kalea AZ, Borrion A. Comparison of environmental impacts of individual meals - Does it really make a difference to choose plant-based meals instead of meat-based ones? J Clean Prod [Internet]. 2022;379:134782. Available from: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652622043542

  12. Romanello M, Napoli C di, Green C, Kennard H, Lampard P, Scamman D, et al. The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms. Lancet [Internet]. 2023;402(10419):2346-94. Available from: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673623018597

  13. Poore J, Nemecek T. Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science (80- ) [Internet]. 2018 Jun;360(6392):987-92. Available from: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216

  14. Eat Forum. Diets for a Better Future [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https://eatforum.org/knowledge/diets-for-a-better-future/

  15. Rodríguez‐Jiménez L, Romero‐Martín M, Spruell T, Steley Z, Gómez‐Salgado J. The carbon footprint of healthcare settings: A systematic review. J Adv Nurs [Internet]. 2023 Aug 17;79(8):2830-44. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jan.15671

  16. NHS England. Delivering a 'Net Zero' National Health Service. Nhs [Internet]. 2020; Available from: www.england.nhs.uk/greenernhs/a-net-zero-nhs/

  17. BDA. One Blue Dot: Environmentally Sustainable Diet Toolkit [Internet]. 2018. 2018. Available from: www.bda.uk.com/professional/resources/environmentally_sustainable_diet_toolkit_-_one_blue_dot

  18. Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation. The £2 billion NHS windfall: Why meat reduction matters. [Internet]. 2024. Available from: www.conservativeanimalwelfarefoundation.org/plant-based-diet/the-2-2-billion-windfall-for-the-nhs-new-research-reveals-how-the-uk-could-unlock-savings/

  19. Morgenstern S, Redwood M, Herby A. An Innovative Program for Hospital Nutrition. Am J Lifestyle Med [Internet]. 2024 Sep 12;15598276241283158. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276241283158

  20. Sadler I, Kassam S. Making Plant-Based Meals the Default: For A Healthier, More Sustainable NHS [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://plantbasedhealthprofessionals.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/PLANTS-FIRST-HEALTHCARE-REPORT-R.pdf

  21. Truman M, Smith L-J, Kassam S. Attitudes of hospital patients regarding removal of processed and unprocessed red meats from menus to support sustainable healthcare targets: a single-centre survey. Lifestyle Med [internet]. 2023 Jul 5;n/a(n/a):e87. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.87

  22. Barnard ND, Hynes M, Tu R, Brandon L, Ghandakly E, Vemulapalli K et al. Hospital patient attitudes regarding cancer prevention policies focusing on processed meats: a survey of patients in high- and low-income areas. J Hosp Manag Heal Policy [internet]. 2020 Sep;4:25–25. Available from: http://jhmhp.amegroups.com/article/view/6308/html

  23. Metoudi M, Bauer A, Haffner T, Kassam S. A cross-sectional survey exploring knowledge, beliefs and barriers to whole food plant-based diets amongst registered dietitians in the United Kingdom and Ireland. J Hum Nutr Diet [Internet]. 2025 Feb 1;38(1):e13386. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.13386

MALNUTRITION IN THE COMMUNITY: A PRACTICAL INTERVENTION TOOL by Jill MacRae, RD, MA, BSc, Dip ADP

  1. Bottery S (2024). Malnutrition – the ‘Pandora’s box’ of health care we try not to open. The King’s Fund. 17/09/2024). www.kingsfund.org.uk/insight-and-analysis/blogs/malnutrition-pandoras-box-health-care

  2. BMJ (2020). Malnutrition: the silent pandemic. BMJ 2020; 371 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4593 (Published 01 December 2020)

  3. BAPEN Malnutrition and Nutritional Care Survey Report 2023. www.bapen.org.uk/bapen-news/bapen-publishes-its-annual-malnutrition-and-nutritional-care-survey-report-2023/

  4. Kelso S, Mitchell S, Rowe PJ, Gore P. The Scottish national LifeCurve™ survey: costs of functional decline, opportunities to achieve early intervention to support well-being in later life, and meaningfulness of the LifeCurve™. Public Health. 2020 Mar;180:129-135. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.014. Epub 2019 Dec 27. PMID: 31887609.

  5. https://thefoodtrain.co.uk/eat-well-age-well/

  6. E John Towse – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16613253 

IMPROVING ACCESS TO WEIGHT MANAGEMENT SERVICES by Carly Atkinson RD

  1. Public Health England. Obesity and weight management for people with learning disabilities: guidance Updated 11 September 2020 available online at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/obesity-weight-management-and-people-with-learning-disabilities

  2. NHS Digital (2022). Health and Care of People with Learning Disabilities, Experimental Statistics, 2017 2018 to 2021 2022. Page 3. available online at https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-and-care-of-people-with-learning-disabilities

  3. LeDeR (2023). Learning from Lives and Deaths – People with a learning disability and autistic people (LeDeR) report for 2022. Available online at: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/leder

THE LAST WORD: DIET AND THE RISK OF BREAST CANCER by Fareeha Jay, RD

  1. Anderson AJJ, Darwis NDM, Mackay DF, Celis-Morales CA, Lyall DM, Sattar N, Gill JMR, Pell JP. Red and processed meat consumption and breast cancer. UK Biobank cohort study and meta-analysis. European Journal of Cancer; Vol 90,2018, pp 73-82, ISSN 0959-8049.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2017.11.022

  2. Kotepui M. Diet and risk of breast cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2016;20(1):13-9. doi: 10.5114/wo.2014.40560. Epub 2016 Mar 16. PMID: 27095934; PMCID: PMC4829739

  3. Stone TW, McPherson M, Gail Darlington L. Obesity and Cancer: Existing and New Hypotheses for a Causal Connection. EBioMedicine. 2018 Apr; 30:14-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.022. Epub 2018 Feb 27. PMID: 29526577; PMCID: PMC5952217

  4. Seiler A, Chen MA, Brown RL, Fagundes CP. Obesity, Dietary Factors, Nutrition, and Breast Cancer Risk. Curr Breast Cancer Rep. 2018 Mar;10(1):14-27. doi: 10.1007/s12609-018-0264-0. Epub 2018 Jan 19. PMID: 30662586; PMCID: PMC6335046

  5. Bartsch H, Nair J, Owen RW. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and cancers of the breast and colorectum: emerging evidence for their role as risk modifiers. Carcinogenesis, Vol 20, Issue 12, December 1999, pp 2209-2218. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/20.12.2209

  6. Gopinath A, Cheema AH, Chaludiya K, Khalid M, Nwosu M, Agyeman WY, Bisht A, Venugopal S. The Impact of Dietary Fat on Breast Cancer Incidence and Survival: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2022 Oct 6;14(10): e30003. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30003. PMID: 36381753; PMCID: PMC9637429

  7. Lo JJ, Park YM, Sinha R, Sandler DP. Association between meat consumption and risk of breast cancer: Findings from the Sister Study. Int J Cancer. 2020 Apr 15;146(8):2156-2165. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32547. Epub 2019 Aug 6. PMID: 31389007; PMCID: PMC7002279

  8. Farvid MS, Spence ND, Holmes MD, Barnett JB. Fibre consumption and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Cancer. 2020 Jul 1;126(13):3061-3075. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32816. Epub 2020 Apr 6. PMID: 32249416

  9. Rose DP, Goldman M, Connolly JM, Strong LE. High-fibre diet reduces serum estrogen concentrations in premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 54: 520-525

  10. McDonald JA, Goyal A, Terry MB. Alcohol Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: Weighing the Overall Evidence. Curr Breast Cancer Rep. 2013 Sep;5(3):10.1007/s12609-013-0114-z. doi: 10.1007/s12609-013-0114-z. PMID: 24265860; PMCID: PMC3832299

  11. WHO. www.who.int/europe/news-room/20-10-2021-alcohol-is-one-of-the-biggest-risk-factors-for-breast-cancer

  12. Atoum M, Alzoughool F. Vitamin D and Breast Cancer: Latest Evidence and Future Steps. Breast Cancer (Auckl). 2017 Dec 20;11:1178223417749816. doi: 10.1177/1178223417749816. PMID: 29434472; PMCID: PMC5802611

  13. Torres A, Cameselle C, Otero P, Simal-Gandara J. The Impact of Vitamin D and Its Dietary Supplementation in Breast Cancer Prevention: An Integrative Review. Nutrients. 2024 Feb 20;16(5):573. doi: 10.3390/nu16050573. PMID: 38474702; PMCID: PMC10934904