References March 24 - issue 187

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI - THE ALKALINE DIET

  1. Yalcinkaya et al (2024). Effects of eight-week alkaline diet and aerobic exercise on body composition, aerobic performance and lipid profiles in sedentary women. Front Nutr. 2024 Jan 4;10:1339874
  2. Han et al (2021). Effect of Acid or Base Interventions on Bone Health: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Adv Nutr. 2021 Jul 30;12(4):1540-1557
  3. Yari and Mirmiran (2018). Alkaline Diet: A Novel Nutritional Strategy in Chronic Kidney Disease? Iran J Kidney Dis. 2018 Jul;12(4):204-208
  4. Fenton and Huang (2016). Systematic review of the association between dietary acid load, alkaline water and cancer. BMJ Open. 2016 Jun 13;6(6):e010438

 

COVER STORY: THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION AND HYDRATION by Antonella Rossino, RD

  1. Centre For Better Ageing, Summary Report: The State of Ageing 2022. https://ageing-better.org.uk/summary-state-ageing-2022
  2. Households below average income: for financial years ending 1995 to 2020, Department for Work and Pensions, 25 March 2021 https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/households-below-averageincome-for-financial-years-ending-1995-to-2020
  3. Households below average income: 1994/95 to 2017/18, DWP, 2019, accessed Aug 2019, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/households-below-average-income-199495-to-201718
  4. BAPEN National Survey of Malnutrition and Nutritional care in Adults, October 2021 https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/reports/mag/survey-of-malnutrition-and-nutritional-care-in-adults-2021.pdf
  5. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) “Nutrition Support for Adults,” Section 1.3, NICE guidelines, accessed January 2023, https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg32
  6. Stratton RJ, Smith TS and Gabe SG. 2018. Managing malnutrition to improve lives and save money
  7. https://www.bda.uk.com/news-campaigns/campaigns/malnutrition.html#:~:text=More%20than%20three%20million%20people,homes%20are%20suffering%20from%20malnutrition
  8. BAPEN The Cost of Malnutrition in England and Potential Savings from Nutritional Interventions http://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/economic-report-short.pdf
  9. British Dietetic Association, Chapter 1, The significance of malnutrition, Nutrition and Hydration Digest, 2012 https://www.bda.uk.com/practice-and-education/nutrition-and-dietetic-practice/the-nutrition-and-hydration-digest/the-significance-of-nutrition-and-hydration.html
  10. M. Popkin, K. E. D’Anci, and I. H. Rosenberg, “Water, hydration, and health,” Nutrition Reviews, vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 439– 458, 2010
  11. Sheils R and Morrell-Scott NE. Prevention of Dehydration in Hospital Patients, Liverpool John Moore University. 2018 https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/8869/3/Prevention%20of%20Dehydration%20in%20Hospital%20Patients.pdf
  12. Commissioning Excellent Nutrition and Hydration 2015-2018 guide: https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/nut-hyd-guid.pdf
  13. Martinez H, Guelinckx I, Salas-Salvadó J, Gandy J, Kavouras SA, Moreno LA. Harmonized Cross-Sectional Surveys Focused on Fluid Intake in Children, Adolescents and Adults: The Liq.In7 Initiative. Ann Nutr Metab. 2016;68 (Suppl 2):12–8
  14. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water. EFSA J. 2010;8(3):1459
  15. Lotan Y, Daudon M, Bruyère F, Talaska G, Strippoli G, Johnson RJ, et al. Impact of fluid intake in the prevention of urinary system diseases: a brief review. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2013 May;22(Suppl 1):S1–10
  16. Public Health England (PHE) (2016): The Eat well Guide 2016 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-eatwell-guide
  17. Royal College Nursing and National Patient Safety Agency, Water for Health: Hydration Best Practice Toolkit for Hospitals and Healthcare, Royal College Nursing, London, UK, 2009.
  18. Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman, “Care and compassion?” Report of the Health Service Ombudsman on 10 Investigations into NHS Care of Older People, Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman, London, UK, 2011
  19. Francis R (2013). Report of the Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry
  20. El-Sharkawy, A.M., Sahota, O., Maughan, R.J., Lobo, D.N. (2014) Hydration in the Older Hospital Patient – Is it a problem? Age Ageing (43) (suppl 1): i33-i33. Doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu046.1
  21. NHS England, Commissioning for quality and Innovation. https://www.england.nhs.uk/nhs-standard-contract/cquin/
  22. Nutrition and Hydration Handbook https://nutritionandhydrationweek.co.uk/get-involved-2/
  23. Nutrition and Hydration Week https://nutritionandhydrationweek.co.uk
  24. Bond P. A Hospital Nutrition Improvement Programme. Nursing Times. 2013;109(39): 22-24. https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/nutrition/a-hospital-nutrition-improvement-programme-27-09-2013/
  25. Malnutrition Awareness Taskforce https://www.malnutritiontaskforce.org.uk/uk-malnutrition-awareness-week-2024
  26. NHS England: 10 key characteristics of ‘good nutrition and hydration care’ https://www.england.nhs.uk/commissioning/nut-hyd/10-key-characteristics/
  27. Department of Health Improvement Plan April 2014 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/department-of-health-improvement-plan-april-2014
  28. British Association of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition BAPEN, Nutritional Screening https://www.bapen.org.uk/must-and-self-screening/nutritional-screening/
  29. Public Health England: Healthier and more sustainable catering: Nutrition Principles. 2017 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a74ca3eed915d3c7d527faa/healthier_and_more_sustainable_nutrition_principles.pdf
  30. Government Buying Standard for food and catering services. 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sustainable-procurement-the-gbs-for-food-and-catering-services/government-buying-standard-for-food-and-catering-services

MALNUTRITION IN THE COMMUNITY: NOURISHING LIVES ONE MEAL AT A TIME by Sophia Cornelius

  1. Storey A. Profile of the older population living in England and Wales in 2021 and changes since 2011 [Internet]. Office for National Statistics; 2023 [cited 2024 Feb 12]. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/ageing/articles/profileoftheolderpopulationlivinginenglandandwalesin2021andchangessince2011/2023-04-03
  2. Norman K, Haß U, Pirlich M. Malnutrition in older adults: recent advances and remaining challenges. Nutrients. 2021 Aug 12;13(8):2764. doi:10.3390/nu13082764
  3. Malnutrition [Internet]. World Health Organisation; [cited 2024 Feb 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/malnutrition#tab=tab_1
  4. Malnutrition in England factsheet [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 12]. Available from: https://www.malnutritiontaskforce.org.uk/malnutrition-england-factsheet
  5. Dent E, Wright OR, Woo J, Hoogendijk EO. Malnutrition in older adults. The Lancet. 2023 Mar;401(10380):951-66. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02612-5
  6. Weight loss in later life not a normal part of ageing [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Feb 12]. Available from: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/latest-press/archive/weight-loss-in-later-life-not-a-normal-part-of-ageing/
  7. Albert A. Malnourished over 75s think they don’t need to eat much because they’re old [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Feb 12]. Available from: https://www.homecare.co.uk/news/article.cfm/id/1598342/Malnourished-over-75s-think-they-dont-need-to-eat-much-because-theyre-old
  8. Introduction to malnutrition [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Feb 12]. Available from: https://www.bapen.org.uk/malnutrition/introduction-to-malnutrition/
  9. Home [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 12]. Available from: https://www.malnutritiontaskforce.org.uk/

MALNUTRITION IN THE COMMUNITY by Katy Stuart, RD

  1. Managing Adult Malnutrition in the Community: a guide to managing disease-related malnutrition, including a pathway for the appropriate use of Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) (2012). Produced by a multi-professional consensus panel https://www.malnutritionpathway.co.uk/library/managing_malnutrition.pdf 2012
  2. Abbott (2024). Malnutrition’s impact on under-resourced communities. https://www.nutritionnews.abbott/malnutrition/global-issue/malnutrition-s-impact-on-underserved-communities/
  3. Smith T, Stratton R, Gabe S (2018). Managing malnutrition to improve lives and save money. https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/reports/mag/managing-malnutrition.pdf
  4. NHS (2023). Malnutrition. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/malnutrition/
  5. Fletcher J (2015). Better Practice Managing adult malnutrition in the community. Nurse Prescriber Vol 13, No.1 https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/npre.2015.13.1.32
  6. First Community Health Care (2024). https://www.firstcommunityhealthcare.co.uk/what-we-do/community-and-outpatient-services/dietetics/nutritional-advice/malnutrition
  7. NICE (2006, 2017). Nutrition support for adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition Clinical guideline [CG32 ] https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg32
  8. Stratton R and Elias M (2007). A review of reviews: A new look at the evidence for oral nutritional supplements in clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition Supplements, Vol 2(1) pp 5-2
  9. Elia M, Normand C, Laviano A et al (2016). A systematic review of the cost and cost effectiveness of using standard oral nutritional supplements in community and care home settings. Clin Nutr 35(1) pp 125-37
  10. Brown F et al (2020). Economic Impact of Implementing Malnutrition Screening and Nutritional Management in Older Adults in General Practice. J Nutr Health Aging; 24(3): 305-311
  11. Airedale NHS Foundation Trust Management of Malnutrition in the Community includes Oral Nutrition Supplement Prescribing Guidance (2015). https://www.airedale-trustformulary.nhs.uk/docs/2015_135aMalnutritionPathwayAug2015a.pdf
  12. Pryke R, Lopez B (2013). Managing malnutrition in the community: we will all gain from finding and feeding the frail Gen Pract. 63(610) pp 233-234 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3635549/
  13. Detecting Malnutrition (2024). https://www.bapen.org.uk/must-and-self-screening/nutritional-screening/#:~:text=There%20are%20many%20nutrition%20screening,to%20use%20in%20all%20adults
  14. Frank M, Sivagnanaratnam A (2014) Nutritional assessment in elderly care: MUST. BMJ vol 4 https://bmjopenquality.bmj.com/content/4/1/u204810.w2031
  15. Power L (2018). A review of the validity of malnutrition screening tools used in older adults in community and healthcare settings. A MaNuEL study. Clinical Nutrition. ESPEN https://clinicalnutritionespen.com/article/S2405-4577(18)30089-5/pdf Br J
  16. Managing adult Malnutrition (2024). https://www.malnutritionpathway.co.uk/
  17. Community Organisations (2023). https://www.malnutritiontaskforce.org.uk/professionals/community-organisations
  18. Managing adult malnutrition in the community new updated document and supporting materials now available (2024). https://www.peng.org.uk/pdfs/news/managing-adult-malnutrition-in-the-community.pdf. Holdoway A, Franklin H (2022). Ten years of tackling malnutrition in the community British Journal Of Nursing https://www.britishjournalofnursing.com/content/comment/ten-years-of-tackling-malnutrition-in-the-community/
  19. The Patients Association. Patients Association Nutrition Checklist (2018). https://www.patients-association.org.uk/patients-association-nutrition-checklist-toolkit
  20. Telford and Wrekin Clinical Commissioning Group (2018). Managing Adult Manutrition in the Community https://www.shropshiretelfordandwrekin.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/Managing-Adult-Malnutrition-in-the-Community.pdf
  21. Emma L Parsons, Rebecca J Stratton, Abbie L Cawood, Trevor R Smith, Marinos Elia (2016). Oral nutritional supplements in a randomised trial are more effective than dietary advice at improving quality of life in malnourished care home residents. Randomised Controlled Trial. Clin Nutr 36(1) pp 134-142. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26847947/
  22. Elia M, Parsons E, Cawood A et al (2018). Cost-effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements in older malnourished care home residents. Clin Nutr 37(2) pp 651-658
  23. Baldwin C and Weekes CE (2011). Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD002008
  24. British Dietetics Association. The Management of Malnourished Adults in All Community and All Health and Care Settings (2018). https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/the-management-of-malnourished-adults-in-all-community-and-all-health-and-care-settings.html
  25. Elia M and Russell CA (2009). Combating Malnutrition: Recommendations for Action. Report from the advisory group on malnutrition, led by BAPEN. https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/reports/advisory_group_report.pdf

SWEETENERS: AN EVIDENCE UPDATE by Madi Myers

  1. Artificial Sweetener Market. Available at: https://www.marketdataforecast.com/market-reports/artificial-sweetener-market
  2. Suez et al (2022). Personalised microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance. Cell. 185(18):3307-3328.e19
  3. Mandrioli et al (2016). Relationship between Research Outcomes and Risk of Bias, Study Sponsorship, and Author Financial Conflicts of Interest in Reviews of the Effects of Artificially Sweetened Beverages on Weight Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Reviews. PLoS One. 11(9):e0162198
  4. Mathur and Bakshi (2024). Effect of non-nutritive sweeteners on insulin regulation, glycemic response, appetite and weight management: a systematic review. Nutrition & Food Science, Vol 54 No 1, pp 100-119
  5. Riboli et al (2023). Carcinogenicity of aspartame, methyl eugenol and isoeugenol. Lancet Oncol. 24(8):848-850
  6. Gauthier et al (2024). Effect of low-and non-calorie sweeteners on the gut microbiota: A review of clinical trials and cross-sectional studies. Nutrition. 117:112237
  7. Use of non-sugar sweeteners: WHO guideline. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073616
  8. Health effects of the use of non-sugar sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240046429
  9. SACN statement on processed foods and health. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sacn-statement-on-processed-foods-and-health
  10. Policy Statement: The Use of Artificial Sweeteners. Available at: https://www.bda.uk.com/static/11ea5867-96eb-43df-b61f2cbe9673530d/policystatementsweetners.pdf

NUTRITIONAL RISKS IN PAEDIATRICS: IODINE AND SELENIUM by Ailsa McHardy, RD

  1. Key facts [Internet]. The Vegan Society (2022) [cited 30 December 2023]. Available from: https://www.vegansociety.com/about-us/further-information/key-facts
  2. Sainsbury's (2022). The Future of Food Report [cited 30 December 2023]. Available from: https://www.about.sainsburys.co.uk/~/media/Files/S/Sainsburys/pdf-downloads/futureoffood-10c.pdf
  3. co.uk (2022). BBC Good Food Nation: Survey looks at children's eating habits - CBBC Newsround [cited 28 December 2023]. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/58653757
  4. Weder S et al. Energy, macronutrient intake, and anthropometrics of vegetarian, vegan, and omnivorous children (1-3 Years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study). Nutrients. 2019 Apr; 11: 832
  5. Alexy U et al. Nutrient intake and status of German children and adolescents consuming vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diets: results of the VeChi Youth Study. Nutrients. 2021 May; 13: 1707
  6. Alexy U et al. Food group intake of children and adolescents (6-18 years) on a vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diet: results of the VeChi Youth Study. Br J Nutr. 2022 Sep; 128: 851-862
  7. Weder S. Intake of micronutrients and fatty acids of vegetarian, vegan, and omnivorous children (1-3 years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study). Eur J Nutr. 2022 Apr; 61: 1507-1520
  8. Weder S et al. How does selenium intake differ among children (1-3 Years) on vegetarian, vegan, and omnivorous diets: results of the VeChi Diet Study. Nutrients. 2022 21;15:34.
  9. SACN Statement on Iodine and Health [Internet]. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (2014) [cited 8 January 2024]. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7e469ced915d74e62253f3/SACN_Iodine_and_Health_2014.pdf
  10. NDNS: Results from years 9 to 11 (2016 to 2017 and 2018 to 2019) [Internet]. Gov.UK (2020) [cited 8 January 2024]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ndns-results-from-years-9-to-11-2016-to-2017-and-2018-to-2019
  11. SACN Position Statement on Selenium and Health [Internet]. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (2013) [cited 6 January 2024]. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7ea6b440f0b62305b824ce/SACN_Selenium_and_Health_2013.pdf

NUTRITION IN NEUROREHABILITATION by Harriet Drennan, RD

  1. Ortega-Bastidas, J. A., Martín-Casas, P., Collado-Vázquez, S., Estrada-Barranco, C., Sanz-Esteban, I., Pinzón-Bernal, M. Y., Ortega-Bastidas, P., and Cano-de-la-Cuerda, R. (2023). “Natural Semantic Networks of the Neurorehabilitation Concept by Spanish Physiotherapists - A Qualitative Phenomenological Representational Study”. Behavioural Science 13 (12), 972
  2. Aadal, L., Holst, M., Rasmussen, H. H., Nielsen, J. F., & Odgaard, L. (2023). “Malnutrition in Patients With Moderate to Severe Acquired Brain Injury: Prevalence During 4 Weeks of Subacute Rehabilitation”. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 55 (2), 38-44
  3. Martínez, C., Sierra, O., Galeano, L., Cundar, A., and Sierra, M. (2023). “Key considerations for nutritional management in traumatic brain injury: A narrative review”. Romanian Neurosurgery, 37 (3), 292–297
  4. Mullins, V. A., Bresette, W., Johnstone, L., Hallmark, B., & Chilton, F. H. (2020, October 13). Genomics in personalized nutrition: Can you “eat for your genes”? Nutrients, 12(10), 3118
  5. Smith, A., Collene, A., and Spees, C. (2012) Chapter 5: Individual Needs and Responses in “Wardlaw's Contemporary Nutrition: A Functional Approach, 6th Edition”. McGraw Hill
  6. Triebel, K. L., Martin, R. C., Novack, T. A., Dreer, L., Turner, C., Pritchard, P. R., Raman, R., & Marson, D. C. (2012). “Treatment consent capacity in patients with traumatic brain injury across a range of injury severity”. The Journal of Head Trauma and Rehabilitation, 27 (19), 1472-1478
  7. Sheehan, J., Laver, K., Bhopti, A., Rahja, M., Usherwood, T., Clemson, L., & Lannin, N. A. (2021) “Methods and effectiveness of communication between hospital allied health and primary care practitioners: A systematic narrative review”. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 14, 493–511
  8. British Dietetic Association (2024) The Nutrition and Hydration Digest [online] available from https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/updated-nutrition-standards-and-guidance-for-healthcare-food-service.html [3rd January 2024]
  9. British Dietetic Association (2024a) Calcium [online] available from https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/calcium.html [3rd January 2024]
  10. Noé, E., Gómez, A., Bernabeu, M., Quemada, I., Rodríguez, R., Pérez, T., López, C., Laxe, S., Colomer, C., Ríos, M., Juárez-Belaúnde, A., González, C., Pelayo, R., & Ferri, J. (2023). “Guidelines: basic principles of neurorehabilitation for patients with acquired brain injury. Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Neurorehabilitation”. Neurologia, 2173-5808 (23)
  11. Martin, R. E. (Ed.). (2014). “Management of dysphagia following traumatic brain injury”. Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports, 2 (6), 219-230
  12. Murry, T., Carrau, R., and Chan, K. (2022) Clinical Management of Swallowing Disorders, Fifth Edition. San Diego. Plural Publishing Inc.
  13. Brailsford, G. (2014). Dining with Dignity [online] available from  https://www.diningwithdignity.co.uk/ [4th January 2024]
  14. Viatris (2020) Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy [online] available from <https://www.creon.co.uk/-/media/creoncouk/assets/pdf/00658_17-creon-pert-booklet-revised-aw-2-hr-final.pdf?la=en-gb> [8th January 2024]
  15. Jamall, O. A., Feeney, C., Zaw-Linn, J., Malik, A., Niemi, M. E. K., Tenorio-Jimenez, C., & Goldstone, A. P. (2016). “Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in adults after traumatic brain injury”. Clinical Endocrinology, 85 (4), 636-644
  16. Arabi SM, Sedaghat A, Ehsaei MR, Safarian M, Ranjbar G, Rezaee H, et al. (2020) “Efficacy of high-dose versus low-dose vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of inflammatory factors and mortality rate in severe traumatic brain injury patients: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial”. Trials. 21 (1), 685
  17. Kestenbaum, B., Shah, N., Wang, T. Y., Greenland, P., Weintraub, K. A., Gaziano, J. M., and Motiuk, L. (2023). “Effect of vitamin D on cognitive decline: results from two ancillary studies of the VITAL randomized trial”. Nature, 617 (7967)
  18. Halfon, M., Phan, O., and Teta, D. (2015). “Vitamin D: A review on its effects on muscle strength, the risk of fall, and frailty”. BioMed Research International 953241
  19. Salehi, S., Caldarelli, S., & Serritelli, L. (2013). “Vitamin D and central nervous system disorders: a review”. Nutrients, 5 (8), 2951-2982 
  20. Kim, J. and Kim, S. (2022) “Vitamin D and Muscle Health: A Review of the Current Evidence”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (2), 1183
  21. Santos, A., Silva, A., Marques, V., Silva, A., Oliveira, A., and Teixeira, A. L. (2023) “Vitamin D supplementation improves muscle strength and physical performance in elderly long-term care residents: A randomized controlled trial”. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 69 (1), 1-10
  22. Zielińska-Nowak, E., Cichon, N., Saluk-Bijak, J., Bijak, M., & Miller, E. (2021). “Nutritional supplements and neuroprotective diets and their potential clinical significance in post-stroke rehabilitation”. Nutrients 13 (8), 2704
  23. Yang, T., Wang, H., Xiong, Y., Chen, C., Duan, K., Jia, J., and Ma, F. (2020). “Vitamin D supplementation improves cognitive function through reducing oxidative stress regulated by telomere length in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A 12-month randomized controlled trial”. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 78(4), 1509-1518
  24. Aminmansour, B., Nikbakht, H., Ghorbani, A., Rezvani, M., Rahmani, P., Torkashvand, M., Nourian, M., & Moradi, M. (2012). “Comparison of the administration of progesterone versus progesterone and vitamin D in improvement of outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury: A randomized clinical trial with placebo group”. Advances in Biomedical Research, 1 (1), 58
  25. British Dietetic Association (2024b) Food Fact Sheet: Vitamin D [online] available from https://www.bda.uk.com/resourceLibrary/printPdf/?resource=vitamin-d [4th January 2024]
  26. Sabé, M., Pallis, K., Solmi, M., Crippa, A., Sentissi, O., & Kaiser, S. (2023) “Comparative effects of 11 antipsychotics on weight gain and metabolic function in patients with acute schizophrenia: A dose-response meta-analysis”. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 84 (2)
  27. Alito, A., Portaro, S., Leonardi, G., Ventimiglia, C., Bonanno, F., Fenga, D., Sconza, C., & Tisano, A. (2023). “Pressure Ulcers—A Longstanding Problem: A 7-Year Neurorehabilitation Unit Experience of Management, Care, and Clinical Outcomes”. Diagnostics, 13 (20), 3213
  28. Catalano, A., Sardella, A., Bellone, F., Lasco, C.G., Martino, G., and Morabito, N. (2020) “Executive functions predict fracture risk in postmenopausal women assessed for osteoporosis”. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (32), 2251–2257
  29. Santy-Tomlinson, J., Clarke, S., Davis, P., Santy-Tomlinson, J., Clarke, S., & Davis, P. (2022). The Complications of Musculoskeletal Conditions and Trauma. In S. Clarke, M. Drozd, & F. Gabbott (Eds.), Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing: An Evidence‐based Approach to Musculoskeletal Care, Second Edition (pp. 211-232). Wiley-Blackwell.
  30. National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (2019) “Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline” [online] available from <https://internationalguideline.com/> [21st December 2023]
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  32. Basiri R, Spicer MT, Levenson CW, et al. (2020) “Nutritional supplementation concurrent with nutrition education accelerates the wound healing process in patients with diabetic foot ulcers”. Biomedicines (8), 8
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  34. Garg, S., Singh, A., Chauhan, V., and Khosla, R. (2023) “Impact of targeted oral nutritional supplements on pressure ulcer healing in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomized controlled trial”. Nutrition, (56) 83-92
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  37. Clark, R. K., et al. (2023). “Evaluating the impact of using a wound-specific oral nutritional supplement to support wound healing in a rehabilitation setting”. International Wound Journal, 20(1), 145-154
  38. Wilkinson, D. J., Drummond, M. J., and Smith, K. J. (2013) “Effects of leucine and its metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on human skeletal muscle protein metabolism”. The Journal of Physiology, (588) 913-925

  39. Kisil I & Gimelfarb Y (2023). Long-term supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine for pressure ulcer in sedentary older adults: a retrospective matched case-control study. Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science, 40(4), 364



NAVIGATING IBS: A DIETITIAN’S GUIDE TO FIRST-LINE DIETARY MANAGEMENT by Sandeepa Soni, RD

  1. Palamenghi et al (2017). Health and Social care. Food and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a scoping review on the impact of food on patients’ psychosocial quality of life
  2. Bischoff et al (2023). Clinical Nutrition. ESPEN guideline on clinical Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  3. Fitzpatrick et al (2022). Dietary management of adults with IBD – the emerging role of dietary therapy. Nature Review Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 19(10):652-669
  4. Cox et al (2020). Food additive emulsifiers: a review of their role in foods, legalisation and classifications, presence in food supply, dietary exposure and safety assessment. Nutrition Reviews. Vol 79(6): 726-741
  5. Bancil et al (2021). Food additive emulsifiers and their impact on the gut microbiome, permeability and inflammation: Mechanistic insights in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis. 1068-1079
  6. Gill et al (2021). Dietary Fibre in gastrointestinal health and disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 18(2):101-116
  7. 7Purcell et al (2022). Is the frequency of dietetic support associated with greater clinical improvements in adults with Crohn’s disease undertaking exclusive enteral nutrition? J Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 35: 435-443
  8. Rong-sun et al (2019). Efficacy and safety in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology. Mar-Apr;26(2):66-77
  9. Pituch-Zdanowska et al (2015). The role of dietary fibre in inflammatory bowel disease. Prz Gastroenterology. 10 (3): 135-141
  10. Kuang et al (2022). Should high-fibre diets be recommended for patients with inflammatory bowel disease? Current opinions in gastroenterology. 2022 Mar 1; 38(2): 168-172
  11. Lomer et al (2021). British Dietetic Association consensus guidelines on the nutritional assessment and dietary managements of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 1-42
  12. Li et al (2020). Efficacy and safety of probiotics in IBS: A systematic review and meta-analaysis. Frontiers in pharmacology. Volume 11. Article 332

NASOGASTRIC FEEDING by Katy Stuart, RD

  1. Nasogastric Tube by David F. Sigmon and Jason An (2023). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556063/
  2. What is a Nasogastric (NG) Tube? By Amber J. Tresca (2023). https://www.verywellhealth.com/nasogastric-ng-tube-1943087
  3. Types of tube feeding Cancer Research UK (2023). https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/diet-problems/managing/drip-or-tube-feeding/types
  4. Enteric Feedings by Adebayo Adeyinka, Audra S Rouster, Menogh Valentine (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532876/
  5. Nutrition support for adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition. Clinical guideline [CG32]. Published: 22 February 2006 Last updated: 04 August 2017
  6. Swallowing Disorders After Stroke by M Gonzalez-Fernandez, MN Bahouth MD (2019). Stroke Rehabilitation https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/nasogastric-tube
  7. ENFit Phase Two (2016). https://www.bapen.org.uk/education/nutrition-support/enteral-nutrition/enfit-phase-2/
  8. Good Practice Guideline Safe Insertion and Ongoing Care of Nasogastric (NG) Feeding Tubes in Adults NNNG (2023). https://nnng.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/NNNG-Nasogastric-tube-Insertion-and-Ongoing-Care-Practice-Final-Aprill-2016.pdf
  9. Patient Safety Alert Nasogastric tube misplacement: continuing risk of death and severe harm (2016). https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Patient_Safety_Alert_Stage_2_-_NG_tube_resource_set.pdf
  10. BAPEN (2023). Access Routes/Tube Types. https://www.bapen.org.uk/education/nutrition-support/enteral-nutrition/
  11. Stroud M, Duncan H and Nightingale J (2008). Guidelines for enteral feeding in adult hospital patients. Errata https://gut.bmj.com/content/52/suppl_7/vii1
  12. Nasogastric (Ryles) Tubes by Dr Rachel Hudson (2023). https://patient.info/doctor/nasogastric-ryles-tubes
  13. Wanden-Berghe C, Patino-Alonso Galindo-Villardon P, Sanz-Laero J (2019). Complications Associated with Enteral Nutrition: CAFANE Study. Nutrients. 11(9): 204. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770113/#:~:text=Digestive%20complications%3A%20vomiting%2C%20regurgitation%2C,%3A%20aspiration%20pneumonia%20(bronchoaspiration)
  14. How enteral feeding tubes affect medicines (2022). https://www.sps.nhs.uk/articles/how-enteral-feeding-tubes-affect-medicines/
  15. Home Enteral Nutrition (2023). https://www.bapen.org.uk/education/nutrition-support/enteral-nutrition/home-enteral-nutrition/
  16. Nasogastric tube positioning by Ashesh Ishwarlal Ranchod (2023). https://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasogastric-tube-positioning?lang=g
  17. Hindley K, Fenton C and McIntosh J (2021). NG feeding is a safe and efficacious method of increasing total calorie intake by either supplementing oral intake or continuously a systematic review of enteral feeding by nasogastric tube in young people with eating disorders. Journal of Eating Disorders volume 9: 90

THE LAST WORD – IMPLICATIONS OF RAMADAN FASTING ON HEALTH CONDITIONS by Fareeha Jay

  1. Pishbin A, Rezvani R, Mashmoul M, Norouzy A, Khosravi M, Ranjbar G, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Nematy M (2021). Does Ramadan Fasting Alter the Resting Metabolic Rate, Body Composition and Dietary Intake of Overweight and Obese Adults?. Journal of Nutrition, Fasting and Health, 9(3), pp 248-253. Available at: doi: 10.22038/jnfh.2020.52015.1297
  2. Nachvak SM, Pasdar Y, Pirsaheb S, Darbandi M, Niazi P, Mostafai,R et al (2019). Effects of Ramadan on food intake, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and body composition. Eur J Clin Nutr. Available at: DOI:1038/s41430-018-0189-8
  3. Al-Arouj M, Assaad-Khalil S, Buse J, Fahdil I, Fahmy M, Hafez S, Hassanein M, Ibrahim MA, Kendall D, Kishawi S, Al-Madani A, Nakhi AB, Tayeb K and Thomas, A (2010). Recommendations for the management of diabetes during Ramadan: update 2010. Diabetes Care. Available at: doi: 10.2337/dc10-0896. PMID: 20668157; PMCID: PMC2909082
  4. Jafar R, Themeli M, Zaman S, Akbar S, Lhoste V, Khamliche A, Elliott P (2019). Effect of Religious Fasting in Ramadan on Blood Pressure: Results from LORANS (London Ramadan Study) and a Meta‐Analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.021560
  5. Ahmad S and Chowdhury TA (2019). Fasting during Ramadan in people with chronic kidney disease: a review of the literature. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. Available at: doi: 10.1177/2042018819889019. PMID: 31798822; PMCID: PMC6859673