References November issue 176

SUGAR AWARENESS WEEK 2022

  1. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey
  2. https://store.mintel.com/report/uk-breakfast-eating-habits-market-report
  3. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ndns-results-from-years-9-to-11-2016-to-2017-and-2018-to-2019
  4. Data from 2022 Breakfast Cereals and Yogurts with Packaging that may Appeal to Children for the Broken Plate Report. Kellogg's Fruit Loop Marshmallows 17g/serving Yoplait Petits Filous Greek Style Fruit Flavoured Layers 14.9g/serving (3rd highest sugar/serving yogurt chosen as most realistic to have at breakfast
  5. https://www.magicbreakfast.com/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=7568ae10-ec1a-4008-a190-8144a6253025
  6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408699/
  7. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-child-measurement-programme-operational-guidance/national-child-measurement-programme-2022-information-for-schools#overview-of-the-ncmp
  8. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/feeding-young-children-aged-1-to-5-years-draft-sacn-report/summary-of-draft-report-feeding-young-children-aged-1-to-5-years#excess-weight-and-obesity

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI – ADAPTOGENS: ARE THEY SUPPLEMENTS WITH BENEFITS?

  1. Liao et al (2018). A preliminary review of studies on adaptogens: comparison of their bioactivity in TCM with that of ginseng-like herbs used worldwide. Chin Med. 13:57. doi: 10.1186/s13020-018-0214-9
  2. Panossian and Wikman (2010). Effects of Adaptogens on the Central Nervous System and the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Their Stress-Protective Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 3(1): 188-224. doi: 10.3390/ph3010188
  3. Panossian et al (2021). Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress- and aging-related diseases. Med Res Rev. 41(1): 630-703. doi: 10.1002/med.21743
  4. Todorova et al (2021). Plant Adaptogens-History and Future Perspectives. Nutrients. 13(8): 2861. doi: 10.3390/nu13082861

THE GUT MICROBIOME AND ITS ROLE IN PAEDIATRIC ALLERGY by Antonella Rossino, RD

  1. Levy ML, Price D, Zheng X, Simpson C, Hannaford P, (2004) Sheikh A. Inadequacies in UK primary care allergy services: national survey of current provisions and perceptions of need. Clin Exp Allergy. Apr; 34(4): 518-9
  2. Venter, C. (2009). Allergy prevention and the role of nutrition on the immune system. In I. Skypala, & C. Venter (Eds.), Food hypersensitivity: diagnosing and managing food allergies and intolerance (pp. 278-295). Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  3. Savage, J. H., Lee-Sarwar, K. A., Sordillo, J., Bunyavanich, S., Zhou, Y., O’Connor, G., et al. (2018). A prospective microbiome-wide association study of food sensitization and food allergy in early childhood. Allergy 73 (1), 145-152
  4. Lee, K.H., Song, Y., Wu, W. et al. (2020) The gut microbiota, environmental factors, and links to the development of food allergy. Clin Mol Allergy 18, 5
  5. Iweala O. I. & Nagler, C. R. (2019) The microbiome and food allergy. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 37, 377-403
  6. Maynard, C. L., Elson, C. O., Hatton, R. D., and Weaver, C. T. (2012). Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system. Nature489, 231-241
  7. Romagnani, S. (2006). Regulation of the T cell response. Clin. Exp. Allergy 36, 1357-1366
  8. Shohei Akagawa, Kazunari Kaneko (2022) Gut microbiota and allergic diseases in children, Allergology International, Vol 71, Issue 3
  9. Bisgaard H., Li N., Bonnelykke K., Chawes B.L., Skov T., Paludan-Müller G., Stokholm J., Smith B., Krogfelt K.A. (2011) Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.;128:646-652
  10. Brugman S., Perdijk O., van Neerven R.J., Savelkoul H.F. (2015) Mucosal immune development in early life: Setting the stage. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.;63:251-268
  11. De Filippis, F., Paparo, L., Nocerino, R. et al. (2021) Specific gut microbiome signatures and the associated pro-inflammatory functions are linked to paediatric allergy and acquisition of immune tolerance. Nat Commun 12, 5958
  12. Aagaard, J. Ma, K.M. Antony, R. Ganu, J. Petrosino, J. Versalovic (2014) The placenta harbours a unique microbiome Sci Transl Med, 6, p. 237ra65
  13. B. DiGiulio, R. Romero, H.P. Amogan, J.P. Kusanovic, E.M. Bik, F. Gotsch, et al. (2008). Microbial prevalence, diversity and abundance in amniotic fluid during preterm labor: a molecular and culture-based investigation. PLoS One, 3, p. e3056
  14. Molloy J, Allen K, Collier F, Tang MLK, Ward AC, Vuillermin P. (2013) The potential link between gut microbiota and IgE-mediated food allergy in early life. Int J Environ Res Public Health.;10(12):723556
  15. Papathoma E, Triga M, Fouzas S, Dimitriou G. (2016) Cesarean section delivery and development of food allergy and atopic dermatitis in early childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 27(4): 419-24
  16. Akagawa, T. Kimata, S. Akagawa, T.Yamaguchi, S. Kato, S. Yamanouchi, et al. (2020) Impact of long-term low dose antibiotic prophylaxis on gut microbiota in children J Urol, 204, p 1320-1325
  17. Yassour, T. Vatanen, H. Siljander, A.M.Hamalainen, T. Harkonen, S.J. Ryhanen, et al. (2016) Natural history of the infant gut microbiome and impact of antibiotic treatment on bacterial strain diversity and stability Sci Transl Med, 8, p. 343ra81
  18. Dethlefsen, D.A. Relman (2011) Incomplete recovery and individualised responses of the human distal gut microbiota to repeated antibiotic perturbation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108 (Suppl 1), p 4554-4561
  19. Rutayisire E, Huang K, Liu Y, Tao F. (2016) The mode of delivery affects the diversity and colonisation pattern of the gut microbiota during the first year of infants’ life: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol. 16(1): 86
  20. Jost T., Lacroix C., Braegger C., Chassard C. (2015). Impact of human milk bacteria and oligosaccharides on neonatal gut microbiota establishment and gut health. Nutr. Rev.;73:426–437
  21. Fernández L., Langa S., Martín V., Rogriguez J.M. (2013). The microbiota of human milk in healthy women. Cell Mol. Biol. 59: 31-42
  22. Harmsen HJ, Wildeboer-Veloo AC, Raangs GC, Wagendorp AA, Klijn N, Bindels JG, Welling GW. (2000) Analysis of intestinal flora development in breastfed and formula-fed infants by using molecular identification and detection methods. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 30(1): 61-7
  23. Khodayar-Pardo P., Mira-Pascual L., Collado M.C., Martínez-Costa C. (2014) Impact of lactation stage, gestational age and mode of delivery on breast milk microbiota. J. Perinatol. 34: 599-605
  24. Soto A., Martín V., Jiménez E., Rodríguez J.M., Fernández (2014) L. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in human breast milk: Influence of antibiotherapy and other host and clinical factors. J Pediatr Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59: 78-88
  25. Gil F, Amezqueta A, Martinez D, Aznal E, Etayo V, Dura T, Sanchez-Valverde F. (2017). Association between caesarean delivery and isolated doses of formula feeding in cow milk allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 173(3): 147-52
  26. Tan J, McKenzie C, Vuillermin PJ, Goverse G, Vinuesa CG, Mebius RE, Macia L, Mackay CR. (2016). Dietary fibre and bacterial SCFA enhance oral tolerance and protect against food allergy through diverse cellular pathways. Cell Rep.;15(12): 2809-24
  27. Strachan DP (1989). Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ. 299, 1259-1260
  28. Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M et al (2012). Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography Nature, 486, p 222-227
  29. Schuijs MJ, Willart MA, Vergote K, Gras D, Deswarte K, Ege MJ et al (2015). Farm dust and endotoxin protect against allergy through A20 induction in lung epithelial cells. Science. 349, 1106-1110
  30. The British Society of Immunology; Allergy Policy Briefing, April 2017. https://www.immunology.org/sites/default/files/Allergy%20briefing.pdf

NAVIGATING ALLERGEN INTRODUCTION WITH PLANT-BASED AND VEGAN FAMILIES by Ailsa McHardy, RD

  1. The Vegan Society (2022). Key facts [Internet]. [cited 15 September 2022]. Available from: https://www.vegansociety.com/about-us/further-information/key-facts
  2. Sainsbury’s (2022). The Future of Food Report [Internet]. [cited 15 September 2022]. Available from: https://www.about.sainsburys.co.uk/~/media/Files/S/Sainsburys/pdf-downloads/futureoffood-10c.pdf
  3. BBC Good Food Nation: Survey looking at children's eating habits – CBBC Newsround [Internet]. bbc.co.uk. 2022 [cited 15 September 2022]. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/58653757
  4. British Dietetic Association (2017). Plant-based diet food fact sheet [Internet]. [cited 15 September 2022]. Available from: https://www.bda.uk.com/uploads/assets/3f9e2928-ca7a-4c1e-95b87c839d2ee8a1/Plant-based-diet-food-fact-sheet.pdf
  5. Du Toit G, Roberts G, Sayre P, Bahnson H, Radulovic S, Santos A et al. Randomised Trial of Peanut Consumption in Infants at Risk for Peanut Allergy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015; 372(9): 803-813
  6. Du Toit G, Sayre P, Roberts G, Sever M, Lawson K, Bahnson H et al. Effect of Avoidance on Peanut Allergy after Early Peanut Consumption. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016; 374(15): 1435-1443
  7. Perkin M, Logan K, Tseng A, Raji B, Ayis S, Peacock J et al. Randomised Trial of Introduction of Allergenic Foods in Breast-Fed Infants. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016; 374(18): 1733-1743
  8. BSACI and BDA FASG (2018). Preventing food allergy in higher risk infants: guidance for healthcare professionals [Internet]. [cited 15 September 2022]. Available from: https://www.bsaci.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/pdf_Early-feeding-guidance-for-HCPs-2.pdf

HYPERTENSION AND STROKE: NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT by Barira Saad, RD, Mphil, MBDA

  1. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention: CDC, 2014
  2. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
  3. Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee. Essential facts, stats and quotes relating to hypertension. 2021. [Cited: December 13, 2021.]
  4. Williams et al., 2004
  5. https://www.stroke.org.uk/what-is-stroke/stroke-statistics
  6. https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/stroke-tia/
  7. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stroke/
  8. Manual of Dietetic Practice, sixth edition. Edited by Joan Gandy
  9. NICE Clinical Knowledge Summary. Management of long-term complications of stroke. https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/stroke-tia/management/management-of-long-term-complications-of-stroke/
  10. https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/dietetics-with-a-community-stroke-rehabilitation-team.html
  11. https://www.guidelinesinpractice.co.uk/cardiovascular/top-tips-stroke-prevention/454165.article
  12. https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/stroke-tia/management/secondary-prevention-following-stroke-tia/
  13. NICE guideline [NG128]. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng128
  14. Royal College of Physicians. Clinical guideline for stroke. https://www.strokeaudit.org/Guideline/Full-Guideline.aspx

 

NHD FACT FILE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

  1. NHS England. (2017). Chronic kidney disease in England the human and financial cost. Accessed online 7/8/2022. Available at: www.england.nhs.uk/improvement-hub/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/2017/11/Chronic-Kidney-Disease-in-England-The-Human-and-Financial-Cost.pdf
  2. Carney, E. (2020.) The Impact of chronic kidney disease on global health. Nature Reviews Nephrology. Accessed on 07/08/2022. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-020-0268-7
  3. Ammirati, A. (2020). Chronic Kidney Disease Review Article. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 66 (Suppl 1) Accessed online: 07/08/2022. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.S1.3
  4. Kalantar-Zadeh, K, Tazeen, J, Nitsch, D, Neuen, B, Perkovic, V. (2021). Preserving Kidney Function in People with Chronic Kidney Disease. Seminar Article, The Lancet. Accessed online 07/08/2021. Available at: https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4663580/1/Kalantar-Zadeh_etal_2021-Preserving-Kidney-Function-in-People.pdf
  5. National Institute Diabetes Digestion Kidney Institute (NIDDK 2016). Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease Access online: 06/08/2022. Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
  6. Chen, T, Knicely, D, Morgan, E. (2019) Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management- a Review. JAMA. 322(13) pp.1294-1304
  7. Ferris, A., Charles, C. (2020.) Chronic Kidney Disease. Primary Care -The Clinics.47(4) pp. 585-59. Accessed online: 07/08/2022. Available at: https://www.primarycare.theclinics.com/article/S0095-4543(20)30055-5/fulltext
  8. Kramer, K. (2019). Diet and Chronic Kidney Disease. Advances in Nutrition 10(4) pp. S367–S379
  9. Kalantar-Zadeh, K, Joshi, S, Schuelter R, Cooke, J, Brown-Tortorici, A, Donnelly, M, Schulman, S, Lau, W, Rhee, C, Streja, E, Tantisattamo, Ferry, A, Hanna, R, Chen, J, Lodebo, B, Shah, A, Kopple, J. (2018.) Is it Important to Prevent and Treat Protein Energy Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Dialysis Patients? Journal of Renal Nutrition. 28(6) pp. 369-379
  10. Joshi, S, shah, S, Kalanter-Zedah, K. (2019). Adequacy of Plant-Based Proteins in Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Renal Nutrition 29(2) pp.112-11
  11. National Kidney Foundation. (2022.) Plant-Based Diet and Kidney Health. Accessed online: 06/08/2022. Available online: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/plant-based
  12. Adhikari, S, Schop, M, Imke, J, De Boer, M and Huppertz, T. (2022.) Protein Quality in Perspective: A Review of Protein Quality Metrics and Their Applications. Nutrients. 14(5):947
  13. Fiaccadori, E, Sabatino, A, Barazzoni, R, Carrero, J, Cupisti, A, De Waele, E, Jockheer, J, Singer, P and Cuerda, C. (2021.) ESPEN Guideline on Clinical Nutrition in Hospitalised Patients with Acute or Chronic Kidney Disease. Clinical Nutrition. 40(4) pp.1644-1668
  14. Iorember, F. (2018.) Malnutrition in chronic kidney disease. Front Pediatrics. 6 pp.161
  15. Lodebo et al., 2018
  16. Wang, X, Mitch, W, Price, R. (2022) Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to muscle loss in chronic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology 18 pp.138-152.
  17. Watanabe, H, Enoki, Y, Maruyama, T. (2019). Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Factors, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Interventions. Biological Pharmacological Bulletin. 42(9) pp. 1437-1445
  18. Koppe, L, Fouque, D, Kalantar-Zadeh, K. (2019.) Kidney cachexia or protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney disease: facts and numbers. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.10 pp.479-484. Access online 06/08/2022. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jcsm.12421
  19. Renal Nutrition Group (2022.) Accessed online 06/08/2022 available at: https://www.bda.uk.com/specialist-groups-and-branches/renal-nutrition-specialist-group.html
  20. National Kidney Foundation. (NKF). Nutrition and Kidney Disease Stage 1-4 (2022.) Accessed online 6/8/2022. Available at: https://www.kidney.org/nutrition/Kidney-Disease-Stages-1-4
  21. Kidney Care UK (2022.) Chronic Kidney Disease. Accessed online 06/08/2022. Available online: https://www.kidneycareuk.org/about-kidney-health/conditions/ckd/
  22. Kidney Research UK. https://www.kidneyresearchuk.org/kidney-health-information/stages-of-kidney-disease/
  23. Malik S, Nguyen, D, Crowley, S, Kovesdy, C. (2020.) Plant-Dominant Low-Protein Diet for Conservative Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients.12 (7), 1931 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400005/

EMERGING EVIDENCE ON SATURATED FATS AND HEALTH by Laury Sellem, PhD

  1. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Health and Human Services (HHS) (1980) dietary guidelines for Americans [Internet]. 1980 Feb. Available from: https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2019-05/1980%20DGA.pdf
  2. Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, Ray KK, Packard CJ, Bruckert E, Hegele RA, Krauss RM, Raal FJ, Schunkert H, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J 2017; 38: 2459-72
  3. Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, Chapman MJ, De Backer GG, Delgado V, Ference BA, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2020; 41: 111-88
  4. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN). Report on Saturated fats and health. 2019 [cited 2019 Aug 1]; Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/814995/SACN_report_on_saturated_fat_and_health.pdf
  5. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Ascherio A, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 1001-8
  6. Praagman J, Beulens JW, Alssema M, Zock PL, Wanders AJ, Sluijs I, van der Schouw YT. The association between dietary saturated fatty acids and ischemic heart disease depends on the type and source of fatty acid in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103: 356-65
  7. Praagman J, Vissers LE, Mulligan AA, Laursen ASD, Beulens JW, van der Schouw YT, Wareham NJ, Hansen CP, Khaw K-T, Jakobsen MU, et al. Consumption of individual saturated fatty acids and the risk of myocardial infarction in a UK and a Danish cohort. Int J Cardiol 2019; 279: 18-26
  8. Praagman J, de Jonge EAL, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Beulens JWJ, Sluijs I, Schoufour JD, Hofman A, van der Schouw YT, Franco OH. Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in a Dutch Middle-Aged and Elderly Population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36: 2011-8
  9. Zong G, Li Y, Wanders AJ, Alssema M, Zock PL, Willett WC, Hu FB, Sun Q. Intake of individual saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women: two prospective longitudinal cohort studies. BMJ [Internet] 2016 [cited 2019 Dec 2]; 355. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5121105/
  10. Sellem L, Flourakis M, Jackson KG, Joris PJ, Lumley J, Lohner S, Mensink RP, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Lovegrove JA. Impact of Replacement of Individual Dietary SFAs on Circulating Lipids and Other Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Humans. Adv Nutr [Internet] 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 16]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab143
  11. Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire Alimentation, Environnement, Travail (ANSES). Update on recommended dietary intakes of fatty acids [actualisation des apports nutritionnels conseillés pour les acides gras] [Internet]. France; 2011 May. Available from: https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/NUT2006sa0359Ra.pdf
  12. Public Health England. McCance and Widdowson’s - The Composition of Foods Integrated Dataset (CoFID) 2021. 2021
  13. Steur M, Johnson L, Sharp SJ, Imamura F, Sluijs I, Key TJ, Wood A, Chowdhury R, Guevara M, Jakobsen MU, et al. Dietary Fatty Acids, Macronutrient Substitutions, Food Sources and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease: Findings From the EPIC‐CVD Case‐Cohort Study Across Nine European Countries. Journal of the American Heart Association American Heart Association; 2021;10:e019814
  14. de Oliveira Otto MC, Mozaffarian D, Kromhout D, Bertoni AG, Sibley CT, Jacobs DR Jr, Nettleton JA. Dietary intake of saturated fat by food source and incident cardiovascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012; 96: 397-404
  15. Thorning TK, Bertram HC, Bonjour J-P, de Groot L, Dupont D, Feeney E, Ipsen R, Lecerf JM, Mackie A, McKinley MC, et al. Whole dairy matrix or single nutrients in assessment of health effects: current evidence and knowledge gaps. Am J Clin Nutr Oxford Academic; 2017; 105: 1033-45
  16. Nogal A, Valdes AM, Menni C. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health. Gut Microbes 2021; 13: 1-24
  17. Weaver CM. Dairy matrix: is the whole greater than the sum of the parts? Nutrition Reviews 2021; 79: 4-15
  18. Soerensen KV, Thorning TK, Astrup A, Kristensen M, Lorenzen JK. Effect of dairy calcium from cheese and milk on fecal fat excretion, blood lipids, and appetite in young men. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99: 984-91
  19. Public Health England. National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme Years 9 to 11 (2016/2017 to 2018/2019). 2020; 29
  20. Harcombe Z, Baker JS, Davies B. Evidence from prospective cohort studies does not support current dietary fat guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51: 1743-9
  21. Harcombe Z, Baker JS, DiNicolantonio JJ, Grace F, Davies B. Evidence from randomised controlled trials does not support current dietary fat guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart Archives of Disease in childhood; 2016;3:e000409
  22. Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S, Crowe F, Ward HA, Johnson L, Franco OH, Butterworth AS, Forouhi NG, Thompson SG, et al. Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2014; 160: 398-406
  23. Borén J, Chapman MJ, Krauss RM, Packard CJ, Bentzon JF, Binder CJ, Daemen MJ, Demer LL, Hegele RA, Nicholls SJ, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J Oxford Academic; 2020; 41: 2313-30
  24. Griffin BA, Mensink RP, Lovegrove JA. Does variation in serum LDL-cholesterol response to dietary fatty acids help explain the controversy over fat quality and cardiovascular disease risk? Atherosclerosis 2021; 328: 108-13
  25. Rajendiran E, Lamarche B, She Y, Ramprasath V, Eck P, Brassard D, Gigleux I, Levy E, Tremblay A, Couture P, et al. A combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms is associated with the interindividual variability in the blood lipid response to dietary fatty acid consumption in a randomized clinical trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2021; 114: 564-77

FALTERING GROWTH IN BREASTFED INFANTS by Ellie-May Evans, RD

  1. NICE (2017). Recommendations | Faltering growth: recognition and management of faltering growth in children | Guidance | NICE. [online] Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng75/chapter/Recommendations [Accessed 19 August 2022].
  2. Corpeleijn W, Kouwenhoven S, Paap M, van Vliet I, Scheerder I, Muizer Y, Helder O, van Goudoever J and Vermeulen M (2012). Intake of Own Mother’s Milk during the First Days of Life Is Associated with Decreased Morbidity and Mortality in Very Low Birth Weight Infants during the First 60 Days of Life. Neonatology, 102(4), p 276-281
  3. Wang L, Collins C, Ratliff M, Xie B and Wang Y (2017). Breastfeeding Reduces Childhood Obesity Risks. Childhood Obesity, 13(3), p 197-204
  4. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G et al. A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries. Breastfeed Med, 2009, 4(Suppl 1) S17-S30
  5. Victoria CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, Franca GVA, Hotron S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC (2016). Breastfeeding in the 21st Century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. The Lancet. Vol. 387 Jan 30th 2016
  6. World Health Organisation (2022). Infant and young child feeding. [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding [Accessed 19 August 2022]
  7. Neifert MR (2004). Breast milk Transfer: Positioning, Latch-on, and Screening for Problems in Milk Transfer. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 47(3), p 656-675
  8. Olsen E, Skovgaard A, Weile B, Petersen J and Jørgensen T (2010). Risk factors for weight faltering in infancy according to age at onset. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 24(4), p 370-382
  9. Clarke SE, Evans S, MacDonald A, Davies P, and I Booth. Randomised comparison of a nutrient‐dense formula with an energy-supplemented formula for infants with faltering growth. J Hum Nutr Diet, 2007, 20 329-339
  10. Evans S, Twaissi H, Daly A, Davies P and MacDonald A (2006). Should high-energy infant formula be given at full strength from its first day of usage? Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 19(3), p 191-197
  11. Jupe S and Maslin K (2020). The use of Breast Milk Fortifier in Preterm Infants by paediatric dietitians in the UK. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 34(1), p 24-32
  12. Gu X, Shi X, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Cai Y, Jiang W and Zhou Q (2021). Evidence summary of human milk fortifier in preterm infants. Translational Pediatrics, 10(11), p 3058-3067
  13. Zhou Q (2021). Evidence summary of human milk fortifier in preterm infants. Translational Pediatrics, 10(11), p 3058-3067
  14. Singhal A (2017). Long-Term Adverse Effects of Early Growth Acceleration or Catch-Up Growth. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 70(3), p 236-240

UNDERNUTRITION AND ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS by Katy Stuart, RD

  1. Freijer, K, Nuijten, M, Schols, J. (2012) The budget impact of oral nutritional supplements for disease-relate malnutrition in elderly in the community. Pharmacol. Published online. Viewed 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2012.00078/full
  2. (2016) Oral Nutritional Supplements. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.bapen.org.uk/nutrition-support/nutrition-by-mouth/oral-nutritional-supplements
  3. NICE (2006) Nutrition support for adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition. Clinical Guideline. CG32. Viewed online: 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg32
  4. Stratton, R and Elis, M. (2010). Encouraging appropriate, evidence-based use of oral nutritional supplements. Published online by Cambridge University Press. Viewed on 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/encouraging-appropriate-evidencebased-use-of-oral-nutritional-supplements/4BC89D90403D3E5473066C3633D4B088
  5. Managing Malnutrition (MM). (2021). Pathway for using ONS. Viewed 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.malnutritionpathway.co.uk/ons
  6. Bloxham, L. (2020.) What is the difference between malnutrition and undernutrition and why is it important? Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.concern.org.uk/news/whats-difference-between-malnutrition-and-undernutritin-and-why-it-important
  7. Forde, K. (2022). Adult malnutrition and oral supplements. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.isdi.org/adult-malnutrition-and-oral-nutritional-supplements/
  8. Medical Nutrition International Industry (2012). Oral Nutritional Supplements to Tackle Malnutrition A summary of the evidence base. Medical Nutrition International Industry (MNI) Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.medicalnutritionindustry.com/files/user_upload/documents/publications/Dossier2012FINAL2012-09-04.pdf
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  10. Flanagan, D, Fisher, T, Murray, M, Visvanathan, R, Charlton, K, Thesing, C, Quigley, G, Walther, K. (2012.) Managing undernutrition in the elderly: Prevention is better than cure. Australian Family Physician. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/INFORMIT.737240382541290
  11. Beelen, J, Vasse, E, Ziylan, C, Janssen, N, De Roos, N, de Groot, L. (2017.) Undernutrition: who cares? Perspectives of dietitians and older adults on undernutrition. BMC Nutrition, No. 24. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com/
  12. Gilbert, T, Bernard, L, Alexandre, M, Bin-Dorel, S, Villeneuve, L, Decllier, E, Bonnefoy, M. (2021.) Impact of a Geriatric Intervention to Improve Screening and Management of Undernutrition in Older Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Results of the ANC Stepped-Wedge Trial. Nutrients. 13(7) 2347. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072347
  13. D.Y.N, Bernerb.E, Berry,T, Cederholmd,P, Coti Bertrande, A, Milnef,J, Palmbladg, St.Schneiderh, L, Sobotkai, Z, Stangaj, R, Lenzen-Grossimlinghaus, U, Krys, M, Pirlich, B, Herbst, T, Schütz, W, Schröer, W, Weinrebe, H, Lochs. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Geriatrics. (2006.) Clinical Nutrition. 25(2). Pp. 330-360.
  14. Janneke-Schilp, J, Bosmans, E, Kruizenga, M, Hanneke, A, Wijnhoven, H Marjolein, V. (2014.) Is Dietetic Treatment for Undernutrition in Older Individuals in Primary Care Cost-Effective? Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 15(3):pp. 226.e7-226.e1
  15. Hubbard, G., Marinos, E., Holdoway, A., Strattonabe, R. (2021.). A systematic review of compliance to oral nutritional supplements. Clinical Nutrition. 31(3):pp. 293-312
  16. Itoh, M., Takao T. ,Kenji, N., Nakamura, H., Aoshiba, K. (2013.) Undernutrition in Patients with COPD and Its Treatment. Nutrients. 5(4), pp. 1316-1335. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5041316
  17. Bedock, D., Faucher, P., Oppert, J. (2022.) Under nutrition and COVID-19. Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/fr/covidwho-1977664
  18. British Nutrition Foundation (2019.) Oral Nutrition supplements. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.nutrition.org.uk/life-stages/older-people/malnutrition-and-dehydration/oral-nutritional-supplements-ons/
  19. Droogsma, E., van Asselt, D., Van Steijn, J., Veeger, N., van Dusseldorp, I., de Dyne, P. (2014.) Nutritional interventions in community-dwelling Alzheimer patients with (risk of) undernutrition: a systematic review. International Psychogeriatric. (26)9:pp 1445-1453. Viewed online: 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/abs/nutritional-interventions-in-communitydwelling-alzheimer-patients-with-risk-of-undernutrition-a-systematic-review/5E71BFFAF5948B5086FA03E32D465C05
  20. Geraghty, A., McBean, L., Browne, S,m Mominguez, C., Reynolds, C., Hanlon, D., Bury, G., O’Neill, M., Clarke, S., Clyne, B., Finnigan, K., McCullagh, L., Kennelly, S and Corish, C. (2022.) Disparities in Oral Nutritional Supplement Usage and Dispensing Patterns across Primary Care in Ireland: ONS Pres Project. Nutrients 14(2): pp 338. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8781404/
  21. Dominguez, P., Ciara, C., Reynolds, M., Kennelly, S., Clyne, B., Burye, G., HanPlon, D., Murrina, C., McCullagh, L., Finnigan, K., Clarke, S., Brownea, S., Perrotta, C., Gibney, E., Corish, C. (2020).  General practitioners’ views on malnutrition management and oral nutritional supplementation prescription in the community: A qualitative study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. (36) Pp. 11
  22. Sodergren, M., Breggren, E., Tornvkist, L. (2019.) ‘Prevent undernutrition and prescribe oral nutritional supplements correctly’: an educational intervention for district nurses. Published online by Cambridge University Press. Viewed 15/09/2022. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/primary-health-care-research-and-development/article/prevent-undernutrition-and-prescribe-oral-nutritional-supplements-correctly-an-educational-intervention-for-district-nurses/C771AA207AF64004E8B34FA1A4593409
  23. Baldwin, C. Oral nutrition support to prevent and treat undernutrition - Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Nutrition Support. Edited by Hickson, M., Smith, S., Whelan, K. Published 2018. Viewed online 15/09/2022. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118993880.ch4.3


BILE ACID DIARRHOEA: HOW BAD IS BAD? by Magdalena Marciniak, RD

  1. Wedlake L, A'Hern R, Russell D, Thomas K, Walters JR, Andreyev HJ. Systematic review: the prevalence of idiopathic bile acid malabsorption as diagnosed by SeHCAT scanning in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Oct;30(7):707-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04081.x. Epub 2009 Jun 30. PMID: 19570102.
  2. Kurien M, Evans KE, Leeds JS, et al. Bile acid malabsorption: an under-investigated differential diagnosis in patients presenting with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome type symptoms. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011;46:818–22
  3. Walters JR, Pattni SS. Managing bile acid diarrhoea. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2010 Nov;3(6):349-57. doi: 10.1177/1756283X10377126. PMID: 21180614; PMCID: PMC3002596.
  4. Stacey R., Green J.T. Radiation-induced small bowel disease: Latest developments and clinical guidance.  Adv. Chronic Dis. 2014;5:15–29. doi: 10.1177/2040622313510730.
  5. Danielsson A., Nyhlin H., Persson H., Stendahl U., Stenling R., Suhr O. Chronic diarrhoea after radiotherapy for gynaecological cancer: Occurrence and aetiology. 1991;32:1180–1187. doi: 10.1136/gut.32.10.1180.
  6. Poon, D., Law, G. R., Major, G., Andreyev, H. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of non-malignant, organic gastrointestinal disorders misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome. Scientific reports. 2022, 12;1:1949. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05933-1
  7. Farrugia A., Arasaradnam R. Frontline Gastroenterology 2021;12:500–507.
  8. Fromm, H., Malavolti, M. Bile acid-induced diarrhoea. Clinics in gastroenterology. 1986; 15:3: 567-82.
  9. Walters, J. Bile acid diarrhoea and FGF19: new views on diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapy. Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2014;11:7: 426-34. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.32
  10. Sadik, Riadh et al. Accelerated regional bowel transit and overweight shown in idiopathic bile acid malabsorption. The American journal of gastroenterology2004;99:4: 711-8. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04139.x
  11. Thaysen EH, Pedersen L. Idiopathic acid catharsis. Gut 1976; 17:965-970
  12. Walters JRF, Arasaradnam R, Andreyev HJN, et al. Diagnosis and management of bile acid diarrhoea: a survey of UK expert opinion and practice. Frontline Gastroenterol 2020;11:358–63.
  13. Arasaradnam RP, Brown S, Forbes A, et al. Guidelines for the investigation of chronic diarrhoea in adults: British Society of gastroenterology, 3rd edition. Gut 2018;67:1380–99.
  14. Walters JRF, Arasaradnam R, Andreyev HJN, et al Diagnosis and management of bile acid diarrhoea: a survey of UK expert opinion and practice Frontline Gastroenterology 2020;11:358-363.
  15. National Institute for Health and Excellence (NICE) 2021. SeHCAT (tauroselcholic [75 selenium] acid) for diagnosing bile acid diarrhoea
  16. Watson L., Lalji A., Bodla S., Muls A., Andreyev H.J.N., Shaw C. Management of bile acid malabsorption using low-fat dietary interventions: A useful strategy applicable to some patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome?  Med. 2015;15:536–540. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-6-536.
  17. Jackson A, Lalji A, Kabir M, et al. The efficacy of a low-fat diet to manage the symptoms of bile acid malabsorption - outcomes in patients previously treated for cancer. Clin Med (Lond). 2017;17(5):412-418. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.17-5-412
  18. Borel P, Desmarchelier C. Bioavailability of Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Phytochemicals in Humans: Effects of Genetic Variation. Annu Rev Nutr. 2018 Aug 21;38:69-96. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051628. PMID: 30130464.
  19. Zhang B, Kuipers F, de Boer JF, Kuivenhoven JA. Modulation of Bile Acid Metabolism to Improve Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Profiles. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(1):4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010004
  20. Vijayvargiya P, Breen-Lyles M, Nord SL, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Eluxadoline in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Diarrhea With or Without Bile Acid Diarrhea: Open-Label Study [published online ahead of print, 2022 Feb 5]. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;10.1007/s10620-022-07379-x. doi:10.1007/s10620-022-07379-x
  21. Lacy BE, Mearin F, Chang L, Chey WD, Lembo AJ, Simren M et al. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:1393-1407.e5.
  22. Jeffery I.B., Das A., O’Herlihy E., Coughlan S., Cisek K., Moore M., Bradley F., Carty T., Pradhan M., Dwibedi C., et al. Differences in Fecal Microbiomes and Metabolomes of People With vs Without Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Bile Acid Malabsorption. Gastroenterology. 2020;158:1016–1028.e8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.301
  23. Merrick MV, Eastwood MA, Ford MJ. Is bile acid malabsorption underdiagnosed? An evaluation of accuracy of diagnosis by measurement of SeHCAT retention. Br Med J 1985;290:665-8.
  24. Bajor A, Kilander A, Sjövall H, Rudling M, Ung KA. The bile acid turnover rate assessed with the (75)SeHCAT test is stable in chronic diarrhoea but slightly decreased in healthy subjects after a long period of time. Dig Dis Sci 2008;53:2935-40.
  25. BADUK (2016). https://www.bad-uk.org/treatments


DIETITIANS IN PRIMARY CARE NETWORKS: AN UPDATE by Rebecca Gasche, RD

  1. National Health Service (2019). NHS Long Term Plan. Retrieved from https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/nhs-long-term-plan-version-1.2.pdf
  2. National Health Service: Health Education England (2021). First Contact Practitioners and Advanced Practitioners in Primary Care: (Dietitian) A Roadmap to Practice. Retrieved from: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/Dietetic-Nov21%20FILLABLE_1.pdf
  3. Seamark L, Barclay Y, Marchant C, Williams M and Hickson M (2021). Long‐term symptom severity in people with irritable bowel syndrome following dietetic treatment in primary care: A service evaluation. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 34(5), 890-900. 10.1111/jhn.12860
  4. National Health Service (2017). Multi-professional framework for advanced clinical practice in England. Retrieved from: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/multi-professionalframeworkforadvancedclinicalpracticeinengland.pdf